可生物降解聚合物作为固相反硝化碳源的研究进展

Research progress in biodegradable polymers as the carbon sources of solid-phase denitrification process

碳源是生物反硝化法处理低碳氮比硝酸盐污水的必要物质.传统的水溶性碳源投加量难以控制,易导致出水水质恶化,需要寻找一种释碳稳定、安全高效的替代碳源.可生物降解聚合物(biodegradable polymers,BDPs)是一类人工合成的高分子有机物,已被证实可作为新型的反硝化缓释碳源.其具有反硝化效率高、安全稳定、操作简单等优点,近年来被广泛报道.归纳总结了BDPs碳源类型及其体系的反硝化性能和影响因素,讨论了BDPs体系脱氮机制及生物膜群落结构与功能,评价了BDPs反硝化脱氮的成本.提出发展成本相对低廉的BDPs复合碳源、阐明运行条件对BDPs反硝化的影响机制、通过优化微生物群落来构建高效BDPs反硝化系统以及加强共存污染物去除等未来重点研究方向,以期为可生物降解聚合物的反硝化脱氮研究和应用提供参考和依据.

Carbon source is essential for biological denitrification of the nitrate wastewater with low carbon/nitrogen ratio.However,it is difficult to control the dosage of traditional water-soluble carbon source,and overdose will easily cause deterioration of effluent water quality.Thus,it is necessary to develop slow-release,safe,and efficient alternative carbon source.Synthetic biodegradable polymers(BDPs),a kind of high molecular organic compound,has been proven to be the potential carbon source meeting these demands.With the advantages of high denitrification efficiency,safety,stability,and simple operation,BDPs has been extensively studied as slow-release carbon source of denitrification.In this study,the carbon source types of BDPs,the denitrification performance and influencing factors of BDPs system were summarized.The denitrification mechanism of BDPs system,the structure and function of microbial community were discussed.The cost of BDPs for denitrification was evaluated.Several key directions for future research,such as developing low-cost composite BDPs carbon sources,elucidating the influence mechanism of operating conditions on BDPs denitrification,building efficient BDPs denitrification systems by optimizing microbial community,and enhancing the co-existing pollutants removal,were proposed to provide reference and basis for the research and application for denitrification using biodegradable polymers.