国家行动:美国联邦STEM教育项目研究

National Action:Research on Federal STEM Education Projects in the United States

美国通过联邦教育部、国家科学基金会、卫生与公众服务部等联邦机构对STEM教育项目进行资助,发挥对STEM教育发展的引导作用。文章对180项美国联邦资助的STEM教育项目的实施部门、投资金额、治理方式等进行研究,发现四方面特征:注重跨学科合作,提升创新型人才素养;着力培养STEM教师,关注代表性不足群体;促进科教融合,加强产学合作;以技术赋能STEM教育,提升师生数字技能。借鉴美国经验,我国在探索STEM教育创新发展路径时,可以加强顶层设计,推动跨机构项目合作;构建STEM教育生态系统,提升全民STEM素养;加强培育STEM专职教师,创立科学教育共同体;促进STEM教育与生产实践相结合,提升STEM职业教育水平。

The United States provides funding for STEM education projects through various federal agencies such as the Federal Department of Education,the National Science Foundation,and the Department of Health and Human Services to play a guiding role in the development of STEM education.The article studies the implementation departments,investment amounts,governance methods,etc.of 180 STEM education projects funded by the federal government,and finds four characteristics of STEM education projects:emphasize interdisciplinary cooperation and improve the literacy of innovative talents;focus on cultivating STEM teachers and pay attention to underrepresented groups;promote the integration of science and education,and strengthen industry-academy cooperation;empower STEM education with technology to enhance digital skills of teachers and students.Drawing on the experience of the United States,when exploring innovative development paths for STEM education,China can strengthen top-level design and promote cross-agency project cooperation,build a STEM education ecosystem to improve the STEM literacy of the whole people,strengthen the cultivation of STEM teachers and establish a science education community,promote the integration of STEM education and production practice,and enhance the level of STEM vocational education.