大数据背景下点击合同不正当格式条款的规制路径探析

Regulatory Path of Improper Format Clauses in Click-wrap Contracts under Background of Big Data

以我国15个网络平台的用户协议和隐私政策为例进行实证分析,归纳出点击合同不正当格式条款包括单方变更权条款、自动化决策条款、无限制用户内容授权条款等,现有的显失公平、提示说明义务、自动化决策规范等手段虽然能够提供救济,但都因其自身缺憾而无法充分解决问题,使点击合同不正当格式条款的规制仍存有疏缺。因此,有必要通过设置格式条款负面清单、加强动态化监管、优化平台提示说明义务、设置脱离自动化决策权选项、明确告知义务范围、提高用户注意意识等手段为网络环境下用户的各项权益保驾护航。

Taking user agreements and privacy policies of 15 online platforms in China as a sample for empirical analysis,it is pointed out that improper format clauses in click-wrap contracts include unilateral change of clauses,automated decision-making clauses,unrestricted user content authorization clauses,etc.Although existing methods such as obvious unfairness,explanation obligations,and automated decision-making norms can compensate for the flaws to some extent,they cannot fully solve the problems due to their own shortcomings,so there are still deficiencies in the regulation of improper format clauses in click-wrap contracts.Therefore,it is necessary to take some measures to safeguard the rights and interests of users in the online environment,such as establishing a negative list of format terms,strengthening dynamic supervision,optimizing platforms’explanation obligations,setting options of refusing automated decision making,clearly informing users of obligation scope,and enhancing users’rights awareness.