加拿大K-12教材管理:编写·审定·选用

K-12 Texbook Management in Canada: Compilation-Approval-Selection

教材管理对教材质量、课程实施效果乃至整体教育目标的实现有着重要的作用。加拿大在基础教育K-12阶段的教材建设和管理方面有着相对完善的运作机制。在教材的编写方面,以课程大纲为基准,组织专业人员编写教材。在教材审定方面,加拿大依法按照各州教育法及学校法和教材审定指南对教材进行审定,具体包括省与专门机构合作审定、分权审定、省教育部集中审定三种主要模式。在教材选用方面,由各学区及学校通过学区委员会、学校董事会等集体决策机构选出最适切本学区及学校教育目标的教材。此外,其选用标准也随着课程改革方向发生转变。

Textbooks management plays an important role in the high-quality of teaching materials,the effectiveness of curriculum implementation,and also the realization of overall educational goals.Canada has a relatively well-established mechanism for the construction and management of teaching materials for K-12 stage of basic education.Throughout the compilation of teaching materials,the curriculum is used as the basis for organized professional staff to develop textbooks.In terms of textbook approval,textbooks are approved according to the education laws of each state and school laws and also the provincial guidelines for approval of textbooks.There are mainly three kinds of approving modes,including provincial cooperation approval with specialized agencies,decentralized approval,and centralized approval by provincial education ministries.With regard to the selection of textbooks,school districts and schools choose the textbooks through the collective decision-making bodies such as school districts councils and school boards.In this way,they could choose the most appropriate ones to realize the educational goals for the local districts and the schools.In addition,the criteria for selection has been transforming in accordance with the direction of the curriculum reform recently.