苏打盐碱地稻米品质研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect in rice grain quality in sodic/saline-sodic soils mainly characterized by the soil salts NaHCO_(3)and Na_(2)CO_(3)

水稻是苏打盐碱地改良的先锋作物,稻米品质是水稻特征的重要指标。当前研究多关注盐碱地治理及水稻产量,有关盐碱胁迫下稻米品质的研究相对较少。本文从稻米的加工、外观、营养及感官食味品质4个方面系统梳理了苏打盐碱地条件下稻米品质特征,并总结苏打盐碱地水稻品种以及典型改良及栽培措施对稻米品质的影响。研究发现,苏打盐碱地条件下,稻米品质整体表现为较低的整精米率、精米率、糙米率及直链淀粉含量,较高的垩白粒率、垩白度及高蛋白质含量的特点,具有糙米蛋白含量高(更高的营养价值)、半透明颗粒少、淀粉低、钠等金属离子含量高等优点。研究提出未来需要进一步探讨苏打盐碱地条件下水稻品质形成、优异种质资源挖掘、产量与品质的协同提升,以期为苏打盐碱地水稻食味品质提升与特色品质的挖掘提供理论与实践参考。

Rice is a pioneer crop in the amelioration of sodic/saline–sodic soils.Compared with the rice yield in such alkaline salt-affected soils,less attention has been paid to the rice grain quality,although its demand is gradually increasing.Here,we reviewed the four patterns of rice grain quality:grain processing,appearance,nutrition,and sensory taste,in sodic/saline–sodic soils mainly characterized by the soil salts NaHCO_(3) and Na_(2)CO_(3).The roles played by the amelioration of sodic/saline-sodic soils,rice cultivars,and rice cultivation in the grain quality were also discussed to further clarify the effects of the sodic/saline-sodic soils on rice grain quality.Generally,the lower head milled rate,milled rice rate,brown rice rate,and amylose content are often observed with a higher chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree,and protein content under the conditions of sodic/saline sodic soils.Interestingly,such advantages of rice grain quality as higher protein content with higher nutritional value,higher content of metal ions such as sodium in brown rice,lower translucent particles,and lower starch content are identified in such alkaline salt-affected soils.Future studies need to explore the grain quality formation,the new germplasm resources,and synergistic improvement of rice yield and grain quality to enhance rice grain quality in the conditions of alkaline sodic/saline-sodic soils.