微藻对养殖废水中污染物的净化效果综述

Review on purification effect of microalgae on pollutants in breeding wastewater

养殖废水具有常规污染物浓度高,含有重金属、抗生素、激素等多种有毒有害污染物的特点,在养殖废水污染物净化方面,微藻转化技术展现出了巨大潜力。为探究微藻处理养殖废水的效果、机制机理、影响因素等,本文采用文献调研的方法,总结了微藻对养殖废水中主要污染物的去除效果及去除机制,分析了微藻处理养殖废水效果的不同影响因素,并重点讨论了不同处理工艺中微藻的作用机理及其对污染物的去除效率。结果表明:微藻可以通过光合作用和同化作用去除养殖废水中碳、氮、磷等常规污染物,并可以通过系列生物学过程去除重金属、抗生素、悬浮物、激素、致病菌等,同时,微藻对污染物的去除效果受藻种类型、接种浓度、温度、光照、废水性质的影响,多藻协同、固定化处理均可提升微藻的去除能力,而藻菌共生技术能使微藻和细菌互利共生,达到更高效去除污染物的目的。综上,微藻在养殖废水处理中潜力较大,在实际处理过程中应考虑其最佳环境条件及适宜的处理工艺,以构建高效微藻养殖废水净化系统。

In view of the high concentration of conventional pollutants in breeding wastewater,including heavy metals,antibiotics,hormones,and other toxic and harmful pollutants,microalgae transformation technology has shown great potential.In order to explore the effect,mechanism,and influencing factors of microalgae treatment of breeding wastewater,this paper summarized the removal effect and removal mechanism of microalgae on the main pollutants in breeding wastewater,analyzed the different influencing factors on the treatment effect of microalgae on breeding wastewater,and focused on the mechanism of microalgae and the removal efficiency of pollutants during different treatment process.The results showed that microalgae can remove conventional pollutants such as carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus,from breeding wastewater through photosynthesis and assimilation and can remove heavy metals,antibiotics,suspended solids,hormones,and pathogenic bacteria through a series of biological processes.Meanwhile,the removal effect of microalgae on pollutants was restricted by the algae species type,inoculation concentration,temperature,light,and wastewater properties.Multi-algae coordination and immobilization treatment both improved the removal ability of microalgae,and algal bacteria symbiosis technology could make microalgae and bacteria mutually symbiosis,which could achieve the purpose of more efficient removal of pollutants.In summary,microalgae has great potential in the treatment of breeding wastewater,and optimal environmental conditions and appropriate treatment technology should be considered during the actual treatment process,so as to construct an efficient microalgae breeding wastewater purification system.