施肥方式和减施氮肥对寒地水稻抗倒性的影响

Effects of fertilization mode and reduced nitrogen fertilizer on lodging resistance of rice in cold region

为明确施肥方式和减施氮肥的主效及互作效应对寒地水稻产量及抗倒性的影响,以水稻‘垦粳8’为材料,比较不同施肥方式和减施氮肥对寒地水稻产量、株高、以及各节间长度、直径、鲜重、茎壁厚度及抗折力的影响差异。结果表明:侧深施肥产量、第三节间长度、重心高度分别显著或极显著高于全层施肥7.49%、7.02%、2.54%。侧深施肥第一节间直径、茎壁厚度、鲜重、抗折力分别显著或极显著低于全层施肥7.85%、14.18%、4.13%、2.03%;第二节间直径、茎壁厚度、抗折力分别显著或极显著低于全层施肥8.15%、9.18%、18.61%;第三节间茎壁厚度和抗折力分别极显著低于全层施肥16.00%、16.15%。侧深施肥的抗倒伏指数极显著低于全层施肥16.60%。减施氮肥条件下重心高度、各节间长度、茎壁厚度、节间鲜重及节间抗折力变化多利于提高水稻抗倒性,减氮15%和减氮30%处理的抗倒伏指数较常规施氮分别极显著提高6.19%和9.52%。全层施肥条件下抗倒伏指数随施氮量下降呈增加趋势,而侧深施肥的减氮施肥水平间差异不显著。

In order to clarify the effects of fertilization methods and nitrogen reduction on rice yield and lodging resistance in cold region,‘Kenjing No.8’was used as the material to compare the differences of yield,plant height,internode length,diameter,fresh weight,stem wall thickness and lodging resistance of rice under different fertilization methods and nitrogen reduction.The results showed that the yield,length of third internode and height of center of gravity of lateral fertilization were significantly or respectively higher than those of full fertilization by 7.49%,7.02%and 2.54%,respectively.The diameter of first internode,stem wall thickness,fresh weight and flexural strength of lateral deep fertilization were significantly lower than those of full-layer fertilization by 7.85%,14.18%,4.13%and 2.03%,respectively;The diameter of the second internode,the thickness of stem wall and the bending resistance were significantly lower than those of the whole layer fertilization by 8.15%,9.18%and 18.61%,respectively;The stem wall thickness and bending resistance of the third internode were significantly lower than those of the whole layer fertilization by 16.00%and 16.15%,respectively.The lodging resistance index of side deep lateral fertilization was significantly lower than that of full layer fertilization by 16.60%.The height of gravity center,length of internode,thickness of stem wall,fresh weight of internode and bending resistance of internode were beneficial to the lodging resistance of rice under reduced N application.Lodging resistance indices of 15%and 30%N reduction were 6.19%and 9.52%higher than those of conventional N application.Lodging resistance index showed an increasing trend with decreasing N application rate under full layer fertilization,but there was no significant difference among nitrogen reduction fertilization levels under side deep fertilization.