欧盟与乌克兰关系新叙事中的“哥本哈根标准”

The “Copenhagen Criteria” in the New Narrative of EU-Ukraine Relations

持续的俄乌冲突将欧盟与乌克兰的关系推向新纪元。乌克兰在危机中走向入盟申请,在乌克兰还未“达标”时,再以惊人的速度从候选国资格到2023年12月14日启动入盟谈判。欧盟与乌克兰关系的演变经历了四个阶段,即第一阶段的初步接触与入盟标准的提出,第二阶段邻国关系的提升,第三阶段结盟关系的巩固与安全因素的淡入,第四阶段建立地缘政治联盟。欧盟基于理性选择,在乌克兰危机爆发后将地缘安全利益推向首位,尽管乌克兰还没有“达到”欧盟要求的改革“标准”,仍为其“开绿灯”。对地缘政治的追求,暴露了欧盟捍卫其“哥本哈根标准”能力的局限性。

The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict has pushed EU-Ukrainian relations into a new era.In the midst of the crisis,Ukraine applied for accession to the EU,but when Ukraine had not“met the criteria”,EU decided to start accession negotiations of Ukraine from candidate country on December 14 th,2023 at an alarming rate.The evolution of EU-Ukraine relations has gone through four stages,namely,the initial contacts and the presentation of accession criteria in the first stage,the enhancement of neighborly relations in the second stage,the consolidation of alliance relations and the weakening of the security factor in the third stage,and the establishment of a geopolitical union in the fourth stage.Based on rational choice,the EU had prioritized its geopolitical security interests after the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis,and had given the green light to Ukraine even though it had not yet“met the criteria”for reforms demanded by the EU.The pursuit of geopolitics has exposed the limitations of the EU’s ability to defend its“Copenhagen Criteria”.