“大学经营”背景下日本国立大学科研困境与改革探索

Exploring the Research Dilemma and Reform in Japanese National Universities in the Context of“University Management”

日本国立大学推行法人化改革后,出台一系列“竞争性政策”,导致科研经费投入减少、事务性工作增多、教师科研时间无法得到保证,影响了日本整体科研水平的提升。为了打破这种困境,日本高等教育学界提出了教师教学与科研职能分化的设想,并采取在教学与科研以外的“第三领域”配备URA的措施,而这些改革探索面临雇佣关系不稳定、削弱大学教师的专业性和在职能间产生等级分化等问题,必须在综合考量利弊的基础上稳步推进改革。

After the corporatization reform,Japanese national universities promulgated a series of“competitive policies”directly reflected in the reduction of research funding,increase in administrative tasks,and the inability to guarantee teachers’research time,affecting the overall improvement of Japan’s research level.In order to break this dilemma,the Japanese higher education community proposed the concept of differentiating teaching and research functions of teachers and adopted measures to appoint University Research Administrators(URA)in the“third domain”outside teaching and research.However,these reform explorations encountered numerous issues as well,including unstable employment relations,impairment of speciality of college teachers,and hierarchization of functions.Therefore,it’s suggested that the reform should be promoted steadily based on the comprehensive consideration of merits and demerits.