浅谈毛文龙功过问题

An Analysis of Merits and Demerits of Mao Wenlong

毛文龙以百余人入辽东、先后收复沿海各岛,而后取镇江,镇江大捷使得四方之民纷纷投奔。此后毛文龙退入朝鲜皮岛招募辽民,编练军队以为牵制,给后金后方造成了威胁,缓解了正面战场压力。朝鲜对毛文龙所部提供了大量物资,但是由于辽民数目不断增多,最终难以供给导致辽民抢夺,给朝鲜带来了危害。毛文龙死后皮岛内乱导致其牵制作用越来越小,直至崇祯十年皮岛沦陷,明廷彻底失去后方的“海上基地”。从明、朝鲜、后金三方综合视角看待毛文龙,他功大于过。

With more than 100 soldiers,Mao Wenlong entered eastern Liaoning,managing to recapture its costal islands and then occupy Zhenjiang,which brought many populace to his side.Later,he retreated to the Pi island to recruit soldiers and train troops in the eastern Liaoning as a diversionary force and a threat to the back of the Later Jin Dynasty,thus relieving the pressure of the frontal battlefield.Although the Joseon Dynasty provided him with many supplies,it became increasingly difficult to supply them as the refugees increased,which ended up with refugee looting,a great harm to the Joseon Dynasty.After Mao Wenlong’s death,the internal unrest on the Pi island made its restraining role increasingly impaired,The island fell eventually in the tenth year of Chongzhen reign,which means the Ming Dynasty lost its“rear sea bases”.From the perspectives of Ming,Joseon,and Later Jin dynasties,Mao Wenlong’s merits outweighed his demerits.