新中国成立初期科技事业发展脉络与经验启示

The Development Course and Experience of Science and Technology in the Early Days of the Founding of the People's Republic of China

新中国成立初期,以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体,继承和发展了马克思主义科技观,积极借鉴苏联和西方科技发展经验,结合中国实际,创造性地提出“向科学进军”的号召,制定科学技术发展远景规划并努力付诸实践,奠定了新中国科技发展基础。其基本原则是自力更生、洋为中用,百花齐放、百家争鸣,重视人才、提高待遇。其历史经验与启示:(一)必须坚持党在科技事业发展中的领导地位,保证马克思主义理论在科技现代化进程中的指导地位;(二)必须坚持独立自主、改革创新;(三)必须重视科技人才的作用。

In the early days after the founding of New China,the Party’s first-generation central leadership collective with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core inherited and developed the Marxist outlook on science and technology,actively drew on the experience of the Soviet Union and the West in the development of science and technology,and creatively put forward the call of“marching toward science”by combing them with Chinese practice.They formulated a long-term plan for the development of science and technology,and worked hard to put it into practice,thus laying the foundation for the development of science and technology in New China.Its basic principles are self-reliance,making the foreign things serve China,letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend,attaching importance to talents,and improving treatment.Its historical experience and enlightenment are as follows:(1)upholding the Party’s leading position in the development of science and technology and ensuring the guiding position of Marxism in the process of scientific and technological modernization;(2)persisting in independence,reform and innovation;(3)emphasizing the role of scientific and technological talents.