历史唯物主义视角下赫斯与马克思思想关系研究

A Study on the Ideological Relationship Between Moses Hess and Karl Marx from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

近年来,学术界对赫斯与马克思之间的思想联系进行了深入的探讨,但众多研究存在过高或过低估计赫斯对马克思影响的问题。为确保研究的客观性与公正性,以历史唯物主义为框架,辩证分析两人思想交汇的情境及其相互影响,发现赫斯对马克思思想的形成有先驱作用,而马克思的观点也助力赫斯思想转型。两位思想家理论上的交互与对话最终呈现出明显分歧。这与赫斯的思想训练、个人背景和固有的思维模式有关。虽然赫斯致力于解决与资产阶级的矛盾,但他注重的是精神领域的革命,相信改变意识形态即可带来社会进步,与马克思主张的通过革命改变资本主义制度有本质差异。这反映了两者在价值观上的根本分歧。赫斯倾向于精神满足和个体自我实现,马克思则强调物质生产关系的变革和无产阶级解放。

In recent years,in-depth discussions on the ideological connection between Moses Hess and Karl Marx have been conducted in the academic community.But many of them often show an over-or under-estimation of Hess’s influence on Marx.In order to ensure the objectivity and impartiality of the research,this paper uses historical materialism as a framework to dialectically analyze the situation of the intersection of their ideas and their mutual influence.It’s found that Hess played a pioneering role in the formation of Marx’s thought,and Marx’s ideas contributed to the transformation of Hess’s thought as well.The theoretical interaction and dialogue between the two thinkers eventually showed a clear divergence,which resulted form Hess’s value training,upbringing,as well as his inherent thinking patterns.Although committed to resolving the contradictions with the bourgeoisie,Hess focused on the revolution in the spiritual realm,believing that the transformation of ideology can bring about social progress,fundamentally different from Marx’s advocacy of revolution to change the capitalist system,which reflects the fundamental divergence of values between the two.While Hess tended to focus on spiritual satisfaction and individual self-realization,Marx emphasized the transformation of material production relations and the liberation of the proletariat.