卢卡奇总体性辩证法探析

An Analysis of Lukács's Totality and Dialectics

卢卡奇提出总体性辩证法的主要动机在于应对第二国际思潮带来的理论危机。面对资本主义社会中物化现象对总体性的消解,卢卡奇强调了超越物化的重要性,并主张重新确立总体性原则,即在总体性辩证法的引导下,恢复无产阶级的整体意识,从而有效引导革命取得胜利。卢卡奇的总体性辩证法体现了一种动态的辩证关系,通过将社会历史中孤立的事物普遍联系起来,强调主体与客体的相统一,是具体的、强调人的主体性的辩证法。尽管卢卡奇的总体性辩证法在强调主体作用时存在一定夸大的倾向,并对马克思的辩证法有一定误读,但时至今日,深入探讨卢卡奇的总体性辩证法仍然对我们理解当代社会具有积极意义。

Lukács proposed the theory of totality and dialectics mainly in response to the theoretical crisis brought by the Second International intellectual trends.Faced with the dissolution of totality by the reification in capitalist society,Lukács emphasized the importance of transcending reification and advocated the reestablishment of the principle of totality.Under the guidance of the theory of totality and dialectics,Lukács aimed to restore the overall consciousness of the proletariat,to effectively lead the revolution to victory.His theory of totality and dialectics embodies a dynamic dialectical relationship.By universally connecting isolated elements in social history,it emphasizes the unity of subject and object.It is a specific and concrete dialectical method that underscores the subjectivity of individuals.Although Lukács tends to exaggerate the role of the subject and has some misinterpretations of Marx’s dialectics,a thorough exploration of his theory of totality and dialectics remains significant for our understanding of contemporary society.