流域协调机制的生成逻辑及其制度展开

On Generating Logic and Institutional Development of Basin Coordination Mechanism

央地关系是思考流域立法和流域管理的一个重要维度,合理的央地制度设计对流域立法的有效实施和流域保护的实际效果具有决定性作用。传统央地关系模式主要以地域为基础,并在横向和纵向二维分工的框架下形成了条块分割体制,这种体制难以适应流域生态保护系统性、综合性的需要。新时代流域立法在流域管理体制机制方面实现了重大制度创新,确立了国家流域协调机制和省级合作协同机制,这些机制的设立有助于减少条块分割的盲点,从而形成整体性的治理合力。但长效流域协调机制的构建,还需要在具体运行机制中平衡纵向协调、横向协调与斜向协调,程序性协调与结构性协调以及行政内部协调与外部协调等不同种类的关系。目前,流域协调机制仍然是建立在传统条块分割体制的基础上,其本身的固有局限不可避免,从长远来看,应当结合党和国家机构改革的整体趋势,探索建立跨区域的流域公务法人机制。

The central-local relationship is an important dimension in understanding watershed legislation and watershed management,and a reasonable design of the central-local system is critical for the effective implementation of watershed legislation and the actual effect of watershed protection.The traditional central-local relationship model is mainly based on geography and forms a segmented system within the framework of two-dimensional division of labor,horizontally and vertically.This system is difficult to adapt to the systematic and comprehensive needs of watershed ecological protection.In the new era,watershed legislation has achieved significant institutional innovation in management system,establishing a coordination between national and provincial level,which helps to reduce blind spots in segmentation and form a comprehensive governance synergy.However,the construction of a long-term basin coordination mechanism also requires balancing different types of relationships such as vertical coordination,horizontal coordination,and oblique coordination,procedural coordination and structural coordination,as well as administrative internal coordination and external coordination in specific operational mechanisms.At present,the basin coordination mechanism is still based on the traditional segmented system,and its inherent limitations are inevitable.In the long run,it should be explored to establish a cross regional basin public legal person mechanism in conjunction with the overall trend of party and state institutional reform.