3种野生杜鹃在粤北造林早期的生长表现

Growth performance of three Rhododendrons in the early stage of afforestation in Northern Guangdong

为合理利用野生杜鹃资源,将3年生云锦杜鹃(Rhododendron fortunei)、刺毛杜鹃(Rh. championae)和毛棉杜鹃(Rh. moulmainense)实生苗应用于营造林工程;同时,观察记录3种杜鹃在造林早期的生长表现,以期为这3种杜鹃在景观林营建工程中的应用提供参考。结果表明,3种杜鹃均能适应粤北山地气候环境,造林成活率均达到90%以上。3种杜鹃的年均树高生长量低于常规造林树种,其中云锦杜鹃年均树高生长量低于其他2种杜鹃。刺毛杜鹃、毛棉杜鹃和云锦杜鹃的首次开花树龄分别为:4年生、6年生和8年生;刺毛杜鹃的花量和结果量最多,云锦杜鹃的花量和结果量最少。建议3种杜鹃造林后,连续每年进行抚育,每年割灌除草2~3次和施肥2次。

In order to make rational use of wild Rhododendron resources,three-years-old seedlings of Rhododendron fortunei,Rh.championae and Rh.moulmainense were used in afforestation projects.At the same time,the growth performance of three Rhododendrons in the early stage of afforestation was observed and recorded,in order to provide reference for the application of the three Rhododendrons in landscape forest construction project.The observation results of Rh.fortunei,Rh.championae and Rh.moulmainense after afforestation showed that the survival rates of the three Rhododendrons were above 90%,indicated that the three Rhododendrons were highly adaptive to mountainous climate and environment in Northern Guangdong.Their average annual growth of tree height was lower than that of conventional afforestation species,and the average annual tree height growth of Rh.fortunei was lower than the other two.The first flowering ages of Rh.championae,Rh.moulmainense and Rh.fortunei were 4,6 and 8 years old,respectively.The number of flowers and fruits of Rh.championae were the most,and the number of flowers and fruits of Rh.fortunei were the least.It was suggested that the three Rhododendrons should be tended every year after afforestation with mowing and weeding 2 or 3 times a year and fertilizing twice a year.