“我+称谓名词”与“称谓名词+我”的对比分析

Comparative Study on"I+Appellation Nouns"and"Appellation Nouns+I"

汉语中经常出现单数第一人称代词“我”与称谓名词搭配的组合,其中“我”与称谓名词的词序先后和称谓名词的类别差异会导致组合在性质和用法上的不同。该文针对“我+称谓名词”与“称谓名词+我”在结构与功能上的对比分析,对称谓名词进行分类,进一步发现并解释这两大类组合在语法、语义、语用等方面的异同。“我+称谓名词”在结构上可以为同位结构、偏正结构、主谓结构;而“称谓名词+我”一般是同位结构。语义上,前者可同指可他指,后者同指向发话人自身。这两种组合在同指时均为主观性强的称呼语,发挥强调或调节听说双方心理距离的语用效果。

The combination of the singular first person pronoun"I"and the appellation nouns often appears in Chinese,in which the word order of"I"and the appellation nouns and the difference in the category of the nominative noun will lead to the difference in the nature and usage of the combination.Based on the comparative analysis of the structure and function of"I+appellation nouns"and"appellation nouns+I",we can classify appellation nouns,and further find and explain the similarities and differences in grammar,semantics,pragmatics and other aspects of these two kinds of combinations.The structure of"I+appellation noun"can be appositive structure,attributive compound and subject-predicate structure;while"appellation nouns+I"is appositive structure generally.In terms of semantics,the former can be used to refer to the same person or another person,while the latter refers to the speakers themselves.These two combinations are both forms of address with a strong subjectivity when their direct components are referring to the same person.And they exert a pragmatic effect of emphasizing or regulating the psychological distance between both sides involved.