伦理归顺与伦理反叛——蒲松龄与爱伦·坡鬼怪小说比较

Ethic Obedience and Ethical Rebellion—Comparison Between Pu Songling's and Allan Poe's Ghost Novels

蒲松龄与爱伦·坡虽然生活在不同的时代、不同的国度,但是他们的鬼怪小说都体现出伦理归顺与伦理反叛精神。蒲松龄在《聊斋志异》中受封建文化影响,创作出情感伦理型和死亡恐怖型的鬼怪故事,同时反映了儒家伦理观念。爱伦·坡的作品受清教文化影响,融入超自然与神秘元素,探讨了人性的复杂性和道德困境。他们在无意识延续封建社会的伦理观念的同时,通过批判、颠覆、解构等手法对这些观念进行了有意识的反抗和反思,深刻探讨了社会价值观、性别角色和道德困境等主题,展示了对传统观念的独立思考和现代意识。然而,从现代视角看,蒲松龄作品虽赋予女性爱情主动权,却忽视家庭责任;爱伦·坡揭示人性阴暗,但引发对社会伦理的反思。该文以期进一步加深对两位作家及其作品的理解,促进世界文学之间的交流与互鉴。

Although Pu Songling and Edgar Allan Poe lived in different eras and countries,their ghost stories both embody ethical submission and ethical rebellion.Pu Songling,influenced by feudal culture,created ghost stories with emotional and ethical themes as well as deathly horror in Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio reflecting Confucian ethical concepts.While Edgar Allan Poe's works,influenced by Puritan culture,incorporate supernatural and mysterious elements,exploring the complexity of human nature and moral dilemmas.While unconsciously perpetuating feudal ethical concepts,they both consciously resist and reflect on these concepts through criticism,subversion,and deconstruction,deeply exploring themes such as social values,gender roles,and moral dilemmas,demonstrating independent thinking and modern consciousness towards traditional beliefs.However,from a modern perspective,Pu Songling's works empower women with romantic agency but overlook family responsibilities,while Poe reveals the darkness of human nature,sparking reflection on social ethics.This article aims to deepen understanding of the two writers and their works,and promote exchange and mutual learning among world literature.