基于进出平衡视角的高原山区耕地后备资源潜力分析——以宾川县为例

Potential Analysis for Reserve Cultivated Land Resources in Plateau and Mountainous Areas Based on In and Out Dynamic Balance:A Case Study of Binchuan County

耕地后备资源开发是增加耕地面积、保障我国粮食安全的一条重要途径,进出平衡政策实质是为了应对耕地非粮化,而高原山区耕地受地形地貌、耕作条件等限制,非粮化现象严重。为此,采用“限制性因子”评价法,从生态环境、立地条件、气候条件、区位等4个方面选取了11个评价指标,构建了耕地后备资源指标体系,以典型高原山区宾川县为例,从潜力数量、质量及空间分布3个维度分析其潜力。结果表明:研究区潜在耕地主要有园地、林地、草地等地类。其中,园地占比最多,占94.6%;经测算全县耕地理论潜力共194340.73 hm^(2),扣除因陡坡、河湖、林区、地灾、生态等不适宜耕种外,实际潜力为23768.98 hm^(2),主要分布在金牛镇、力角镇、州城镇和鸡足山镇等乡镇。研究表明:研究区耕地非粮化现象严重,主要原因是种植投入产出比低群众积极性不高、农业种植结构调整、外出务工导致农村劳动力不足、耕地流转等综合因素导致;全县耕地潜力较大,但分布零散,耕作条件较差,投入较大,可以考虑将村庄范围内未纳入保护范围的耕地作为未来开发的潜力重点,以利于耕地保护目标的实现。研究旨在探索高原山区耕地潜力,为合理开发利用耕地后备资源、进出平衡实施提供参考。

The development of reserve cultivated land resources is an important way to increase the area of cultivated land and guarantee China s food security,and the essence of the dynamic balance policy is to cope with the non-food of cultivated land,and the cultivated land in the mountainous areas of the plateau is subject to the constraints of topography and geomorphology,cultivation conditions and other constraints,which makes non-food phenomenon serious.To this end,adopting the evaluation method of limiting factors,we constructed the indicator system of 11 evaluation indicators of the reserve cultivated land resources in 4 aspects,such as ecological environment,land conditions,climate conditions and location indicators,etc.In a typical plateau and mountainous area,Binchuan County,for example,we analyzed its potential in three dimensions,namely,quantity,quality and spatial distribution of the potential.Potential cultivated land mainly consists of garden land,forest land,grassland and other land types.Among them,garden land accounts for the most 94.6%.After calculation,the theoretical potential of cultivated land in the county totaled 194340.73hm^(2),and after deducting the unsuitable cultivation due to steep slopes,rivers and lakes,forest areas,land disasters,ecology,etc.,the actual potential was 23768.98hm^(2),which is mainly distributed in Jinniu Township,Lijiao Township,Zhucheng Township,and Jizushan Township and other townships.The research shows that the serious non-food of cultivated land in the study area is mainly caused by a combination of factors such as low planting input-output ratio,planting structural adjustment,insufficient labor force,and the transfer of cultivated land from industrial and commercial enterprises;the cultivated land in the county has a large potential,but it is scattered,with poorer cultivation conditions and larger inputs,and it can be considered as the focus of the potential for future development of cultivated land within the range of villages that are not included in the scope of protection,so as to contribute to the achievement of cultivated land protection goals.This study aims to explore the potential of cultivated land in plateau mountainous areas,and to provide reference for the rational development and utilization of reserve resources and the implementation of the in and out balance of cultivated land.