湖州市老年人传染病健康素养现状及其影响因素

Health literacy status and influencing factors of infectious diseases among older adults in Huzhou

目的探讨浙江省湖州市老年人传染病健康素养现状及其影响因素。方法2022年5—10月采用多阶段随机抽样方法对湖州市60周岁及以上老年人进行抽样和现场问卷调查,应用t检验、单因素方差分析及多元线性逐步回归分析湖州市老年人传染病健康素养的影响因素。结果湖州市老年人传染病健康素养平均分为(14.03±7.31)分,及格率为29.9%(109/365)。个体防治传染病技能的4个维度的平均分分别为:传染病的基本知识与观念(4.11±2.92)分,传染病的预防(5.10±2.35)分,传染病管理与治疗(3.24±2.35)分,对病原体和传染源的辨认(1.58±1.55)分。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,年龄、文化程度、婚姻、居住地、收入、职业和是否在网上搜寻健康信息是传染病健康素养的影响因素(调整后R2=0.464,F=46.070,P<0.001)。结论湖州市老年人的传染病健康素养水平较低,尤其是高龄、文化程度较低、离异、居住在农村、职业是农民、收入低以及未曾在网上搜寻过健康信息的老年人。

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of health literacy of older adults with infectious disease in Huzhou city,Zhejiang province.Methods From May to October 2022,multi-stage random sampling method was employed to conduct sampling and field questionnaire survey older adults aged 60 and above in Huzhou city.The influ-encing factors of infectious disease health literacy were analyzed using t-test,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.Results The average score for infectious disease health literacy of older adults in Huzhou was 14.03±7.31,and the passing rate was 29.9%(109/365).The average scores of the four dimensions of the skills of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases were:4.11±2.92 points for basic knowledge and concepts of infectious diseases,5.10±2.35 points for the prevention of infectious diseases,3.24±2.35 points for the management and treatment of infectious diseases,and 1.58±1.55 points for the identification of pathogens and infectious sources.The re-sults of the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that age,level education,marital status,place of resi-dence,income,occupation,and whether individuals searched for health information online were significant predictors of health literacy regarding infectious diseases(adjusted R2=0.464,F=46.070,P<0.001).Conclusions The health liter-acy level regarding infectious diseases among older adults in Huzhou is relatively low,especially for older adults who are poorly educated,divorced,live in rural areas,work as farmers,have low incomes,and have never searched for health in-formation online.