“中文+”背景下职业中文词汇特征的分析与教学——基于工程机械运用技术中文分级词表

Analysis and Teaching of Vocabulary Characteristics of Vocational Chinese from the Perspective of"Chinese+"——Based on the Chinese Vocabulary System of Construction Machinery

专业词汇是职业中文教学的重点和难点,专业词汇系统的构成与规律,是提高职业中文教学质量的有效抓手。文章基于前期研制的工程机械运用技术中文分级词表,考察其中的词素类型、构词法以及词义结构组织。研究发现,在该词表中,单纯词素占有绝对数量优势,且构词能力比合成词素高;复合词有偏正、联合、动宾、补充和主谓等五种构词法,其中偏正式复合词的数量最多,并存在大量“修饰语+中心概念词”形式;主要存在同词素组、同义组、反义组、分割对象组、配伍搭配组等多种类型结构。以上发现,揭示了工程机械运用技术中文词汇的构成特点和聚合性规律,为职业中文专业词汇教学提供依据。

Professional vocabulary is a characteristic of vocational Chinese teaching,and the composition and rules of the professional vocabulary system are effective means to improve the quality of vocational Chinese teaching.This paper,based on the Chinese graded vocabulary list in the field of engineering machinery application technology,analyzes the types of morphemes,word-formation methods,and the organization of semantic structure.The study found that in this vocabulary list,simple morphemes dominate in number and have better word-forming ability than compound morphemes;compound words include five types of word-formation methods:attributive-noun,coordinate,verb-object,complement,and subject-predicate,among which the attributive-noun compound words are the most numerous,and there is a large number in the form of"modifier+central concept word";in addition,the vocabulary list also includes various structural types such as morpheme groups,synonym groups,antonym groups,segmented object groups,and collocation groups.These findings reveal the characteristics and associative rules of the composition of Chinese vocabulary in engineering machinery application technology,providing a new perspective for the teaching of professional vocabulary in vocational Chinese.