不同栽培措施对3种野生花卉生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on the Growth and Development of Three Wild Flowers

[目的]比较不同栽培措施对柳兰、金莲花、野韭3种野生花卉的株高、冠幅、叶长、叶宽、花朵数等指标的影响。[方法]采用露地栽培方式,分别开展了2个年度积温、3个施肥浓度、3个水分干旱胁迫、4个光照强度和3个栽植密度处理试验。[结果]3种花卉在积温2 000℃以上的环境均能正常生长;适量的施肥环境有利于3种花卉的生长;柳兰、金莲花在苗期不耐干旱,在引种栽培中应保证足够的水分;遮阳明显限制了柳兰、野韭的纵向和径向生长,金莲花比较耐阴,轻度、中度遮阳处理提高了株高、冠幅、叶长、叶宽,延长了金莲花绿叶期;由于竞争养分、水分、光和物理空间,植物个体生物量减少。株行距越大,柳兰、金莲花各生长指标逐渐增加,但野韭由于其强大的生命力,并无明显差异。[结论]该研究结果可为柳兰、金莲花、野韭3种野生花卉在河北承德地区的栽培应用提供技术参考。

[Objective]To compare the effects of different cultivation measures on plant height,crown width,leaf length,leaf width,flower number and other indicators of Chamaenerion angustifolium,Trollius chinensuis and Allium japonicurn.[Method]Two annual accumulated temperatures,three fertilization concentrations,three water and drought stresses,four light intensity treatments and three planting density treatments were set and carried out in open field cultivation.[Result]These three kinds of wild flowers could grow normally in the environment with accumulated temperature above 2000℃.Proper fertilization was beneficial to the growth of these three kinds of flowers.In the seedling stage,C.angustifolium and T.chinensuis were not tolerant to drought,so enough water should be guaranteed in the introduction and cultivation for them.Shading significantly restricted the longitudinal and radial growth of C.angustifolium and A.japonicurn,while T.chinensuis was more shade tolerant,light and moderate shading increased its plant height,radial width,leaf length and leaf width,and prolonged its green leaf duration.Individual plant biomass decreased due to competition for nutrients,water,light and physical space.With the increase of plant spacing,the growth indexes of the C.angustifolium and T.chinensuis increased gradually,while there was no significant difference in A.japonicurn due to its strong vitality.[Conclusion]The results provided technical reference for the application and cultivation of three wild flowers in Chengde,Hebei.