日本基层治理研究初探——以自治组织数字治理为焦点

A Preliminary Study on Grassroots Governance in Japan— Focusing on the Digital Governance of Autonomous Organizations

自治组织作为日本基层治理的重要组成部分,在町民自治、协同治理等方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。虽然在历史上其形态职能有所差异,甚至在特殊时期因其职能模糊,乃至彻底丧失自治职能,成为“上行下效”的行政末端机构,遭受日本学界的批判。但正因其天然的自治职能与文化特性,对于日本社会的和谐稳定起到了关键作用。随着数字时代的来临,日本政府依托数字田园都市战略,在大力推动城乡数字化转型的同时,积极培育新型数字化自治组织,通过数字技术缓解因老龄化、农村过疏化等造成的人员流失以及城乡公共服务不均等问题。时至今日,随着日本城乡数字化转型,以町内会为代表的自治组织逐渐形成多维度、多参与的混合治理模式,加速迈向双向互动的数字化治理新阶段。

As an important part of Japan’s grassroots governance,Japanese autonomous organizations play an irreplaceable and important role in Community residents’self-governance and collaborative governance.Although their forms and functions have varied throughout history,they have been criticized by Japanese academics at particular times for having blurred functions or even completely lost their autonomous functions,becoming administrative end organizations that“work from above and below.”However,precisely because of its natural autonomous functions and cultural characteristics,it plays a key role in the harmony and stability of Japanese society.With the advent of the digital age,the Japanese government relying on the digital garden city strategy,vigorously promotes the digital transformation of urban and rural areas while actively fostering new digital self-governance organizations,so as to alleviate the loss of personnel due to aging and rural hollowing-out,as well as the disparity of public services between urban and rural areas,through digital technology.Nowadays,with the digital transformation of urban and rural areas in Japan,Japanese autonomous organizations represented by Chonaikai are gradually forming a multi-dimensional,multi-participation hybrid governance model and accelerating towards a new stage of digital governance with two-way interaction.