我国民事诉讼释明权之问题与路径刍议

The Problem and Path Analysis ofthe Interpretation Right in Civil Litigation in China

随着我国民事诉讼的改革和发展,当事人主义成为当今主要的诉讼模式。法官的释明权对于弥补纯粹当事人主义模式的不足、提高司法效率、防止突袭裁判、促进司法公正有着重要作用。但我国民事诉讼释明权存在法律规定、适用阶段、行使主体、行使范围不明确及缺乏不当释明救济措施等问题。在通过比较法视角分析借鉴德日、英美等国家释明权制度域外经验的基础上,提出完善我国的释明权制度,应明确释明权行使要坚持中立、公开、适度等原则,明确立案、审前准备、开庭审理、再审等阶段释明权的运用,明确发问和告知两种释明权的行使方式,明确释明权的范围,探索不当释明救济机制。

With the development and reform of civil litigation in our country,party doctrine has become the main litigation model today.The interpretation right of judges plays an important role in filling the gaps of the pure party doctrine model,improving judicial efficiency,preventing surprise judgments,and promoting judicial fairness.However,there are problems with the interpretation right in civil litigation in China,such as unclear legal provisions,application stages,exercise subjects,scope of interpretation,and lack of improper interpretation relief measures.On the basis of analyzing and learning from the extra-territorial experience of the interpretation right system in Germany,Japan,the UK,the US,and other countries from a comparative law perspective,it is proposed that to improve China’s interpretation right system,it should be clear that the exercise of interpretation right should adhere to the principles of neutrality,openness,and moderation,and to clarify the application of the interpretation right in stages such as case filing,pretrial preparation,trial,and retrial and so on,and the exercise of the interpretation right in the form of questioning and informing,and to clarify the scope of the interpretation right and exploring mechanisms for the relief of improper interpretation.