李济与夏文化探索

Li Ji and the Searching for the Xia culture

李济1926年在晋西南的考古活动明显带有探索夏文化之目的。小文《李济与西阴村和夏文化》曾专论此事。20多年过去,围绕这次考古活动的学术史研究纷至沓来,其中不乏质疑李济探索夏文化之心的声音。现在回顾相关诸说的基础上,全力搜求公开发表的报告及馆藏档案等直接证据,并结合李济的教育背景、时代学术思潮、合作者丁文江与袁复礼的古史观、考古活动的行程及活动结束后的言论、梁启超与戴家祥的回忆、徐中舒“仰韶文化即夏文化说”的提出等进行语境重建,力主夏文化探索的学术史书写应自1926年李济晋西南考古始。最后尽力搜求李济有关夏文化的言论,提炼出李济对夏文化的基本态度:彩陶文化应非夏文化,而更可能是夏文化的来源;虽尚未发现与夏朝对应的考古学文化,但不能忽视夏的存在;晋西南是探索夏文化的重要区域。

Li Ji's archaeological work to southwestern Shanxi Province in 1926 was obviously aimed at searching the Xia Culture.One of the authors published an article entitled Li Ji,Xiyincun and the Xia Culture discussing this matter.In the past 20 years,numerous histographical studies concerning this archaeological work have come out,among which there are some voices questioning Li Ji's intention for the Xia Culture.In this paper,we firstly review all the related viewpoints,and search all the official reports and archives as direct evidences,then genealize the contextual evidences,including Li Ji's educational background,the academic thoughts of that time,the historical views of his collaborators Ding Wenjiang and Yuan Fuli,the itinerary of Li Ji's survey,and the remarks immediately after this survey,the recollections of Liang Qichao and Dai Jiaxiang,and Xu Zhongshu's view that the Yangshao Culture was the the Xia culture,arguing that the histographical writing of the Search for the Xia Culture should start with Li Ji's work.In addition,this paper examines Li Ji's remarks about the Xia Culture,and extracts Li Ji's basic attitude towards the Xia Culture:The Yangshao Culture is not the Xia Culture,and more likely the predecessor of the Xia Culture;no archaeological culture corresponding to the Xia dynasty has been found yet,but we cannot ignore the existence of the Xia;and Southwestern Shanxi should be the important area for the search of the Xia Culture.