兴县碧村遗址小玉梁台地的浮选结果及分析

Flotation Results and Analysis of Xiaoyuliang Terrace at Bicun Site,Xingxian County,Shanxi

碧村遗址是龙山晚期黄土高原南流黄河左岸重要的石城遗址,其发现为探讨北方地区的文明化进程提供了重要的考古资料。本文通过对碧村遗址小玉梁台地浮选所获大植物遗存的鉴定与分析,发现该遗址经营以粟为主、黍为次的旱作农业,粟的优势地位与石峁遗址大体接近,同时存在少量稻遗存;杂草资源的组合与以石峁遗址为核心的广大区域类似,禾本科杂草、藜科和豆科杂草是杂草组合的三个主要种类;小玉梁聚落发展的第一阶段发现较多的桑属植物遗存,其他阶段也存在对果类资源的利用;小玉梁台地聚落发展不同阶段的植物组合特征比较稳定,在聚落发展的兴盛阶段出现稻遗存,与石峁遗址最兴盛阶段发现的稻遗存相呼应。碧村先民的生业特点整体上接近以石峁遗址为核心的黄土高原北部地区。

The Bicun site is a stone city of the Late Longshan Period located by the left bank of the southern flow Yellow River which provides important archaeological data for exploring the process of civilization in northern China.Data from current flotation indicates that the agriculture in Xiaoyuliang of the Bicun site was dominant by millets,including foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum).The dominant position of foxtail millet is similar to that of the Shimao site with very few rice.The weed resources are similar to the vast area with Shimao as the core which associated with Poaceae,Chenopodiaceae and Fabaceae weeds.Some mulberry(Morus sp.)seeds were found in the first stage of the Xiaoyuliang settlement while the utilization of other fruit resources also existed in the later stages.The characteristics of plant association in different stages of the Xiaoyuliang settlement are relatively stable and rice only appeared in the most prosperous stage of the settlement which echoed the rice remains found in the same period of Shimao site.The agricultural economy in Bicun site is close to the northern part of the Loess Plateau with Shimao site as the core.