稳定同位素视角下龙山—岳石文化时期胶东半岛旱作农业的强化——以山东砣矶岛大口遗址出土人骨为例

The Intensification of Dry Farming in Jiaodong Peninsula during the Longshan-Yueshi Culture from a Stable Isotope Perspective——A case study of human bones unearthed from the Dakou Site on Tuoji Island,Shandong

山东烟台砣矶岛是庙岛群岛的重要组成部分,这里自古就是沟通胶东半岛与辽东半岛的重要海上通道。龙山文化至岳石文化时期,海岱地区的考古学文化面貌、聚落形态都发生了重大变化。这一时期,以砣矶岛先民为代表的海上岛屿人群,其生业方式经历了怎样的变化一直缺乏深入的研究。鉴于此,本文以砣矶岛大口遗址为研究对象,选取18例人骨开展了骨胶原的C、N稳定同位素分析。结果表明,除M4、M18外,大部分人群的食物结构均较为相似,较高的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N值表明大口遗址先民摄取了大量的C_(4)类动物蛋白。结合考古资料及大口遗址独特的地理位置,我们认为这可能是先民大量食用粟黍、以粟黍副产品为食的家畜以及海洋生物所导致的。龙山文化至岳石文化时期,先民的食物结构未发生明显改变。在与胶—辽半岛同时期其他遗址的同位素数据进行对比后,本文认为,粟作农业始终是大口遗址人群最重要的生业经济类型,旱作农业在这一地区保持着不断强化的发展态势。

Tuoji Island,serving as an important part of the Miaodao islands,is a key point of marine transport routes connecting Jiaodong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula.Significant changes of cultural features and social organization have taken placed from Longshan period to Yueshi period in Haidai region,typically the inland areas.However,the subsistence strategy of individuals in marine island has rarely been evaluated due to the location far from the inland.In this paper,Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 18 individuals have been performed to reveal the dietary variation of Dakou site,Tuoji Island.Major of the bone collagen has elevated δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N,indicating a large amount of C_(4)-based marine food or terrestrial animal protein consumption,whereas M4 and M18 have relatively depleted carbon isotopic data caused by more negativeδ13C food.According to the archaeological backgrounds,we propose the Dakou persons intensively relied on the millet agriculture and highly exploiting marine resources.Further compared with other published isotopic data in the same region during different periods,we suggest the intensive millet agriculture has consistently shaped the cultural development of the island area,even surrounded by the ocean and far away from the mainland.