多视角下半波损失的理论分析

Theoretical Analysis of Half-Wave Loss from Multiple Perspectives

随着波动理论在不同领域的广泛应用,无论机械波还是电磁波在传播过程中是否发生半波损失成为一个不可回避的问题。波受界面或固定端点影响,相位是否改变不易感知和分辨,使得半波损失比较抽象。本文利用数学方法分别对端点固定半无限长的弦和端点自由半无限长杆在端点处的反射进行方程求解,通过Matlab编程作图将抽象的方程解以形象直观动态图像显示,获知其解的物理含义和端点处的反射是否存在半波损失;从物理角度出发以一维简谐声波为例研究机械波垂直入射在界面处的反射和透射,用简易直观的粒子模型定性描述机械波半波损失的物理图像,研究界面对波影响的物理过程。

equations as visual dynamic images through Matlab programming,so that we can know the physical meanings of the solutions and whether there is a half-wave loss in the reflection at the endpoint,and we study the reflection and transmission of a mechanical wave incident vertically at an interface by using a simple harmonic acoustic wave as an example,and we use a simple harmonic acoustic wave as an example.From a physical point of view,the reflection and transmission of mechanical waves incident vertically at the interface is studied by a one-dimensional simple harmonic sound wave as an example,and the physical image of the half-wave loss of the mechanical wave is qualitatively described by a simple and intuitive particle model,and study the physical process of the interface’s influence on the wave.