血液透析血管通路并发症及其防治

Complications of vascular access for hemodialysis and their prevention and treatment

维持性血液透析是终末期肾脏病患者常用的肾脏替代治疗方法,功能良好的血管通路是保证透析顺利进行的前提。然而,血管通路相关并发症仍是临床面临的重要问题,包括出血和(或)血肿、感染、血栓形成、动脉瘤或假性动脉瘤、窃血综合征等。本文对血管通路相关并发症的发生率、病因及防治策略等进行综述,以期对临床工作提供帮助。

Maintenance hemodialysis is a commonly used renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease,and a well-functioning vascular access is essential for ensuring smooth dialysis.However,vascular access-related complications remain an important clinical concern,including bleeding and/or hematoma,infection,thrombosis,aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm,and steal syndrome.A review of the incidence,etiology,and prevention strategies of vascular access-related complications is provided in this article,aiming to assist clinical work.