钙水平对甜樱桃裂果及果实品质的影响

Effect of Calcium Level on Fruit Cracking and Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry

为深入了解甜樱桃(Cerasus avium(L.) Moench)裂果率及果实品质与叶面喷钙浓度的关系。以美早为试材,采用田间试验探讨了不同钙水平下果实钙组分、甜樱桃果实代谢酶活性与裂果率的关系。结果表明,随施钙浓度增加,裂果率呈先下降后增加趋势,高钙处理(7 000 mg/L)的裂果率是对照的1.42倍,5 000 mg/L钙处理裂果率和果实果胶酶含量则分别较对照降低了42.89%、20.53%。3 000和5 000 mg/L钙处理提升了果实可溶性固形物含量和抗坏血酸含量。喷施外源钙使果实钙组分发生变化,低中钙水平显著提升了乙醇钙含量,高钙水平提升了乙酸钙和盐酸钙含量,裂果率与乙酸钙呈显著正相关,与乙醇钙呈显著负相关。喷钙浓度为5 000 mg/L可有效减少甜樱桃裂果的发生。

In order to understand the relationship between fruit cracking rate and fruit quality of Cerasus avium(L.) Moench and foliar spray calcium concentrationn,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between fruit calcium forms,metabolic enzyme activities and fruit cracking rate of Cerasus avium(L.) moench under different calcium levels.The results indicated that with the increase of calcium spray concentration,the fruit cracking rate showed a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase.The fruit cracking rate under high calcium treatment(7 000 mg/L) was 1.42 times that of the control.Meanwhile,the fruit cracking rate and pectinase content with 5 000 mg/L calcium treatment decreased by 42.89% and 20.53%,respectively,compared to the control.The treatments with 3 000 and 5 000 mg/L of calcium increased the content of soluble solids and ascorbic acid in the fruit.The exogenous calcium application induced changes in fruit calcium forms,with a significant increase in ethyl calcium content at low to moderate calcium levels.High calcium levels increased acetate calcium and hydrochloric acid calcium content.Fruit cracking rate showed a significant positive correlation with acetate calcium and a significant negative correlation with ethyl calcium.A calcium spray concentration of 5 000 mg/L effectively reduced the occurrence of fruit cracking in sweet cherries.