闽粤华侨商人在越南的经济实力消长研究(1600—1840)

A study of the Waxing and Waning Economic Power of Fujian and Guangdong Overseas Chinese Merchants in Vietnam(1600-1840)

在所有方言群中,福建人移居越南的时间最长,17世纪至19世纪中期的帆船贸易时代,大批福建籍商人出国谋生,但由于热衷政治、嘉定屠城、移居地变化、会安衰落等原因,福建人在越南的数量和商业实力逐渐下降。而这一时期广东与越南之间的贸易在华侨商人的推动下十分活跃,广东人在湄公河三角洲的人数增加,积累了大量财富,商船队伍庞大,从事广东与越南之间的大宗商品贸易,把越南南圻的大米等商品运到中国,以供给华南。在民间贸易需求的驱动之下,随着华南与越南之间大宗商品贸易的繁荣,广东华侨商人雄厚的经济实力和大批移民群体适应并强化了这一需求,对越贸易的重要性逐渐超过了福建商人,在中国华南与越南的海上互联互通方面发挥着极为重要的作用。

Of all the dialect groups,people from Fujian have migrated to Vietnam for the longest time.During the sailing trade era from the seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries,a large number of merchants of Fujian origin went abroad to make a living,but due to keen politics,the Jiading Massacre,changes in the place of migration,and the decline of Huian,the number of Fujian people and their commercial strength in Vietnam gradually declined.And the trade between Guangdong and Vietnam during this period was very active under the impetus of overseas Chinese merchants.The number of Cantonese in the Mekong Delta increased and accumulated a great deal of wealth,with a large fleet of merchant ships engaging in the trade of bulk commodities between Guangdong and Vietnam,and transporting commodities such as rice from Vietnam's Nam Ky,such as Jiading,to China in order to supply South China.Driven by the demand for private trade,as the bulk commodity trade between South China and Vietnam prospered,the strong economic power of Guangdong's overseas Chinese merchants and the large immigrant groups adapted and strengthened this demand,and the importance of trade with Vietnam gradually surpassed that of Fujian merchants,playing an extremely important role in the maritime connectivity between South China and Vietnam.