历史大视野下的大跨越:秘鲁的中国移民

Big Leaps in a Big Historical Perspective:Chinese Migrants in Peru

早在“大帆船贸易”时代,居住在菲律宾马尼拉的华侨就通过太平洋航路经墨西哥来到秘鲁。秘鲁独立后,一批批“契约华工”被运送到秘鲁从事重体力劳动。多数人在契约期满后留在当地营商,或从事其他行业。1874年,清政府通过与秘鲁交涉,正式废止了“契约华工”制度,此后华侨基本上以自由劳工身份前来秘鲁。但在不同的历史阶段,华侨入境人数经历了从限制到放宽的变化。中国改革开放后,新移民的到来改变了秘鲁华侨华人的人口结构。

As early as the era of the "Sailboat Trade",overseas Chinese living in Manila,the Philippines came to Peru via Mexico through the Pacific route.After Peru's independence,groups of "contractual Chinese laborers" were transported to Peru to engage in heavy manual labor.Most people remained in the local business or other industries after the expiration of their contract.In 1874,the Qing government formally abolished the "contract of Chinese laborers" system through negotiations with Peru,and since then,the overseas Chinese basically came to Peru as free laborers.However,at different historical stages,the number of overseas Chinese migrants has experienced a change from restriction to relaxation.After China's reform and opening-up,the arrival of new immigrants has changed the demographic structure of overseas Chinese in Peru.