镇国寺大殿尺度规律研究

A Study on the Scale Rules of the Main Hall of Zhenguo Temple

对以材份制度为代表的中国中古时期木构建筑模数制研究,提出了以足材而不以份为模数单位进行探索的思路。山西平遥镇国寺大殿为《营造法式》颁行前北方七铺作下昂造木构的典型实例,利用精细测绘报告提供的数据,对其作出了基于足材模数单位的尺度规律解释。在数据拟合的同等误差水平上,与现有整数尺模数或份数模数的解释形成竞争性观点。强调栱长指标在尺度研究中的重要性,对现有尺度研究中昂制47份的典型现象作出解释,提出了早期铺作双向栱枋构件的栱长足材假说,详细讨论了斗的方向性、实长与心长、影栱配置与檐椽平长等问题,并解释了镇国寺大殿两组栱长的特异表现,实现了对构件尺度、空间跨度、构造关系、立面视觉的综合研究。附录部分对笔者已发表的佛光寺东大殿尺度规律研究成果作出修订,提出了与镇国寺大殿衔接的规律解释以及新的足材模数取值。

Building upon existing research on the modular system of Chinese timber architecture during ancient times,particularly focusing on the caifen system(length unit of carpentry system in measurement),this paper introduces a new approach centered on the zucai(full unit bracket)modular unit.Utilizing data extracted from the detailed surveying and mapping report of the Main Hall of Zhenguo Temple,this paper presents an interpretation of the scale rule based on the zucai modulus unit,offering a competitive alternative to existing data fitting methods with similar error levels.The paper addresses the common occurrence of the 47 fen phenomenon in previous research,proposing hypotheses regarding arch length,discussing the arrangement of yinggong(shadow bow-shaped bracket)and the length of eave-rafter,and elucidating the distinct characteristics of the two types of lengths in the bow-shaped bracket.A comprehensive analysis of component scale,spatial span,structural relationships,and facade aesthetics is conducted.Additionally,revisions to early research findings on the scale rule of the Main Hall of Foguang Temple are presented in the appendix..