单针振动气力式辣椒精量排种器设计与试验

Design and experiment of a single needle vibrating pneumatic pepper precision seed dispenser

【目的】育苗移栽是辣椒种植普遍采用的方式,针对辣椒穴盘育苗播种环节存在的漏播现象,设计了一种用于漏播补种的单针振动气力式辣椒精量排种器,用于对穴盘中的空穴进行补种,从而提高生产效率。【方法】以“兴蔬皱辣2号”辣椒种子为研究对象,结合种子物理特性测定,对排种器振动供种机构、直线携种机构和控制系统进行分析和设计,并搭建了试验台。以种箱振动频率、气吸针真空度和气吸针直径为试验因素,以排种单粒率为试验评价指标,进行排种器单因素试验,确定种箱振动频率、气吸针真空度和气吸针直径具体取值范围分别为77~89 Hz、15~35 kPa和0.6~0.8 mm。在此基础上进行响应面试验,运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析、响应曲面分析和试验因素优化求解。【结果】确定了排种单粒率影响因素由大到小为气吸针真空度、气吸针直径和种箱振动频率,得出排种器最优作业参数为气吸针真空度27 kPa、气吸嘴直径0.7 mm、种箱振动频率85 Hz,样机试验排种单粒率为98.25%。【结论】该单针振动气力式辣椒精量排种器工作稳定,排种单粒率高,满足辣椒精量播种作业要求。

[Objective]Seedling transplanting is a common method used in pepper planting.Aiming at the phenomenon of missing seeding in pepper hole tray,a single needle vibrating pneumatic pepper precision seed discharging device was designed to replace the holes in the hole tray and improve production efficiency.[Method]Taking the seeds of“Xingshu Wrinkling Spicy No.2”pepper as the research object,based on the physical characteristics of the seed,the vibration feeding mechanism,the linear carrying mechanism and the control system of the seed discharging device were analyzed and designed,and a test bench was built.The vibration frequency of the seed box,the vacuum degree of the air suction needle and the diameter of the air suction needle were taken as the test factors,and the single seed discharge rate was taken as the test evaluation index.The specific values of the vibration frequency of the seed box,the vacuum degree of the air suction needle and the diameter of the air suction needle were determined to be 77-89 Hz,15-35 kPa and 0.6-0.8 mm,respectively.On this basis,the response surface test is carried out,and the analysis of variance,response surface analysis and optimization of test factors are carried out by using Design-Expert software.[Result]The influencing factors of seed discharge per particle rate were determined from the largest to the smallest as vacuum degree of suction needle,diameter of suction needle and vibration frequency of seed box.The optimal operating parameters of the seed discharge device were obtained as vacuum degree of suction needle 27 kPa,diameter of suction nozzle 0.7 mm and vibration frequency of seed box 85 Hz.The seed discharge per particle rate was 98.25%in prototype test.[Conclusion]The experiment shows that the single needle vibrating pneumatic pepper precision seeding device works stably and has high single seed rate,which can meet the requirements of pepper precision seeding operation.