全过程人民民主形塑的民主权利主体

The Subject of Democratic Rights Shaped by the Whole-Process People's Democracy

以往对“人民”的理解,常将之作为一个区隔性概念来使用,即用来指称社会上的多数人。然而,习近平法治思想将“人民”视为一个个具体生命所组织的人的集合,从而为全过程人民民主在主体上的包容性提供了理论基础。在全过程人民民主理论之中,将人民视为具有政治权利能力和政治行为能力的享有民主权利的主体,无论是村民、居民抑或职工、学生,都能凭借法律所赋予的资格和法律所承认的能力,参与民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督,体现当家作主的政治和法律地位。当然,人民群众参与实际的民主管理过程,仍需具有关心公共事务、积极参与政治的公民美德,也需要在民主实践中锻炼民主技能、提升民主能力。为此,既需要通过教育增长人民群众的民主知识、提高民主素养,也需要在基层民主的政治实践中让人民群众有历练的机会,以此来推动全过程人民民主在社会生活中的丰富实践。

In the past,“the people”was often understood and used as a classificatory concept,referring to the majority of people in society.However,in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law,it is seen as a collection of concrete lives,providing a theoretical basis for the inclusiveness of the whole-process people's democracy.In the theory of the whole-process people's democracy,the people are regarded as subjects with political rights and political capabilities,enjoying democratic rights.Whether they are villagers,residents,workers,or students,they can participate in democratic elections,consultations,decision-making,management,and supervision based on the qualifications granted and the capabilities recognized by the law.This reflects the political and legal status of being the masters of the country.As a matter of fact,people's active participation in the actual process of democratic management requires citizens to have such virtues as caring about public affairs and actively participating in politics.It also requires the people to cultivate democratic knowledge and democratic literacy through education and provide opportunities for them to gain experience in grassroots democratic political practices.This is to promote the rich practice of the whole-process people's democracy in social life.