论公司决议中意思表示瑕疵规则的适用及其限度

The Rule Governing the Defective Expression of Intention in Company Resolutions:Its Application and Limitations

作为一种组织法上的特殊法律行为,公司决议中存在适用意思表示瑕疵规则的理论空间。但公司决议的形成依赖于股东个人意思表示的作出与团体议事程序的有效运作,具有行为法与组织法交融的特征。司法实践中关于公司决议瑕疵的效力判断存在个人行为法路径与团体组织法路径的截然对立,未能在股东个体权利救济与组织关系安定性之间实现价值平衡。基于主体利益关系的竞争性、内部运转的程序正义理念和多数决原则的控制功能这三个方面的特性,公司决议适用意思表示瑕疵规则应当进行相应的修正及限制。在股东意思与表示不一致的情形下,基于表决主体可苛责性和相对人信赖保护的考量,股东原则上不得主张意思表示瑕疵而影响公司决议效力。在股东意思表示不自由的情形下,原则上可以引入意思表示瑕疵规则实现对股东个体权利的救济,但需区分不同情形予以具体分析,同时还要充分注重与现有公司决议效力规则的体系衔接。

As a unique legal act in organizational law,there exists theoretical space for the application of the implied rule governing the defective expression in corporate resolutions.However,the formation of corporate resolutions relies on the individual expressions of shareholders and the effective operation of collective decision-making procedures,embodying a fusion of behavioral law and organizational law characteristics.In judicial practice,there is a stark opposition between the individual behavior law path and the group organizational law path in determining the effectiveness of company resolution flaws,which fails to achieve a value balance between individual shareholder rights relief and the stability of organizational relationships.Based on the characteristics of the competitiveness of the subject interest relationship,the concept of the procedural justice of internal operation,and the control function of the majority rule,the application of the rule governing the defective expression of intention in company resolutions should be correspondingly revised and restricted.In the case of inconsistency between the shareholder's intention and expression,based on the consideration of the voting subject's harshness and the protection of the relative party's trust,the shareholder shall not,in principle,insist that the defect in the expression of intention affect the effectiveness of the company's resolution.In the absence of free expression of shareholders'will,in principle,the rule of defective expression of will can be introduced to remedy the individual rights of shareholders.However,specific analysis needs to be made based on different situations,and full attention should be paid to the connection with the existing system of rules on the effectiveness of company resolutions.