硝酸羟胺基液体推进剂的热安全性研究

Study on Thermal Safety of Hydroxylamine Nitrate Based Liquid Propellants

为了评估硝酸羟胺(HAN)基液体推进剂在生产、储存、运输以及使用过程中的安全性,利用差式扫描量热仪DSC测试了热分解过程,计算了热安全参数;并利用BAM撞击感度仪测试了撞击能量随温度的变化。结果显示:K-A-S法、F-W-O法和Starink法计算得到的表观活化能分别为154.8、154.6、155.6 kJ/mol;热分解自由能、活化焓和活化熵分别为128.2、150.9 kJ/mol和48.9 J/mol;热爆炸临界温度为204.2℃;绝热至爆时间为3.92~55.52 s。使用AKTS软件得到,2、4、8 h和24 h绝热诱导期对应的温度分别为123.4、119.1、114.8℃和108.2℃。包装质量为0.01、5.00、25.00、50.00 kg和100.00 kg时,自加速分解温度依次为116、104、103、102℃和101℃。不同温度下,临界撞击能量分别为>50(25℃)、40(80℃)、25(90℃)、10 J(100℃)和5 J(110℃)。因此,在生产、储存和运输HAN基液体推进剂的过程中需要避免因碰撞等原因产生高温。

In order to evaluate the safety of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)based liquid propellants in production,storage,transportation and use,thermal decomposition process of the propellant was studied using a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),and thermal safety parameters were also calculated.Changes of impact energy with temperature were tested by a BAM impact sensitivity tester.The results show that the apparent activation energies obtained by K-A-S,F-W-O,and Starink methods are 154.8,154.6 kJ/mol and 155.6 kJ/mol,respectively.Thermal decomposition free energy,activation enthalpy,and activation entropy are 128.2,150.9 kJ/mol and 48.9 J/mol,respectively.Critical temperature of thermal explosion is 204.2℃,and adiabatic time to explosion is about 3.92-55.52 s.Using AKTS software,the temperature corresponding to the induction period of 2,4,8 h and 24 h is 123.4,119.1,114.8℃and 108.2℃,respectively.The self-accelerating decomposition temperature of packaging weights of 0.01,5.00,25.00,50.00 kg and 100.00 kg are 116,104,103,102℃and 101℃,respectively.Critical impact energies at different temperatures are>50(25℃),40(80℃),25(90℃),10 J(100℃)and 5 J(110℃).It is necessary to avoid high temperature caused by collision during the production,storage,and transportation of HAN based liquid propellants.