伤寒学术流派划分及代表性流派发展脉络探微

Division of Typhoid Fever Academic Schools and Development of Representative Ones

伤寒流派,可定义为伤寒学派之下因研究对象、研究方法、核心学术问题认知不同,从而形成的有特色、有传承、有创新、有代表性医著的医家群体。历代医家从不同角度对《伤寒论》进行研究,其医著或研究的对象各有侧重(如证候、辨证、治法、经方、文献、医案等),或研究的方法各不相同(如注解、发挥、重订等),或对某些关键学术问题看法不一(如伤寒概念、寒温关系、三纲鼎立、错简重订等),这些医家在继承前人学说的同时,多有突破创新,从而形成不同特色的“流派”。其中,影响力较大、有一定特色、有代表性著作、传承脉络清晰的伤寒流派有重订派、增补派、证候派、广义伤寒派、八纲派、气化派等。

The typhoid fever academic school can be defined as group of doctors with characteristics,inheritance,innovation,and representative medical works formed under the typhoid fever school due to different research objects,research methods and cognition of core academic issues.Physicians of all dynasties have studied the Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Typhoid Fever)from different angles,and their medical works or research objects have their own emphasis,such as syndromes,syndrome differentiation,treatment,scriptures,literature,medical cases,etc.,or different research methods(such as annotations,exertion,revising,etc.),or different views on some key academic issues(such as the concept of typhoid fever,the relationship between cold and fever,the establishment of the three outlines,and the revision of error arrangement of the contents).While inheriting the theories of their predecessors,these doctors made many breakthroughs and innovations,thus forming"schools"with different characteristics.Among them,the typhoid fever schools with great influence,certain characteristics,representative works,and clear inheritance context include the Amending School,the Supplementing School,the Syndrome School,the Generalized Typhoid Fever School,the Eight Outline School,and the Gasification School.