2005-2022年无锡市惠山区突发公共卫生事件特征分析

Epidemiological analysis on emergency public health events in Huishan district of Wuxi city from 2005to 2022

目的根据2005-2022年无锡市惠山区突发公共卫生事件报告数据,分析其流行特征,为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用构成比、χ^(2)检验等统计方法,对突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统中2005-01-01-2022-12-31报告的无锡市惠山区突发公共卫生事件信息进行分析,包括基本概况、分级分类和流行病学特征(时间分布、地区分布、场所分布等)。结果2005-2022年无锡市惠山区报告各类突发公共卫生事件101起,发病或中毒人数2530人,死亡2人;较大事件2起,一般事件77起,未分级事件22起;传染病暴发疫情97起,占96.04%,其他传染病(53.61%)、丙类传染病(31.96%)、乙类传染病(11.34%)和甲类传染病(3.09%)罹患率比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=904.39,P<0.001;传染病类事件中呼吸道传染病事件共报告61起(60.40%),呈现11-12月的冬季单峰趋势;全区农村突发公共卫生事件平均罹患率为2.07%,高于城区的1.31%,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=109.37,P<0.001;发生在学校(含幼儿园)突发公共卫生事件82起(81.19%),均为传染病暴发疫情,病种以水痘最多,共50起。小学(1.05%)、幼儿园(3.62%)、初中(1.48%)、高中(2.33%)、小学初中9年制(0.73%)、普通高校(0.34%)、中等职业学校(0.36%)罹患率比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=1020.57,P<0.001。结论惠山区突发公共卫生事件防控重点病种是呼吸道类传染病,重点场所为学校(含幼儿园),以农村地区防控为主,应做好传染病监测、疫苗接种等防控工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in Huishan district,Wuxi city from 2005to 2022based on the reported data,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods Statistical methods,such as constituent ratio andχ^(2) test were used to analyze the information of public health emergencies in Huishan district,Wuxi city reported in the Management Information System for Public Health Emergency Reporting from January 1,2005to December 31,2022,including basic overview,grading classification and epidemiological characteristics(time distribution,regional distribution,site distribution).Results From 2005to 2022,101 cases of various public health emergencies were reported in Huishan district,Wuxi city,with 2530cases of disease or poisoning and 2deaths;2cases of major events,77cases of general events and 22cases of ungraded events;97cases of infectious disease outbreaks,accounting for 96.04%,and there were significant differences in the incidence rates of other infectious diseases(53.61%),Class C infectious diseases(31.96%),Class B infectious diseases(11.34%)and Class A infectious diseases(3.09%),χ^(2)=904.39,P<0.001;Sixty-one cases(60.40%)of respiratory infectious diseases were reported in infectious disease events,showing a single peak trend in winter from November to December;the average incidence rate of public health emergencies in rural areas of the whole district was 2.07%,higher than 1.31%in urban areas,and the difference was statistically significant,χ^(2)=109.37,P<0.001;Eighty-two cases(81.19%)of public health emergencies occurred in schools(including kindergartens),all of which were infectious disease outbreaks,with varicella being the most common disease,accounting for 50cases.There were significant differences in the incidence rates of elementary school(1.05%),kindergarten(3.62%),junior high school(1.48%),senior high school(2.33%),9-year system of elementary school junior high school(0.73%),ordinary university(0.34%),and secondary vocational school(0.36%),χ^(2)=1020.57,P<0.001.Conclusions The key disease for the prevention and control of public health emergencies in Huishan District is respiratory infectious diseases,and the focus is schools(including kindergartens),mainly in rural areas.The prevention and control of infectious disease monitoring and vaccination should be done well.