司法博弈的人民立场

The People's Position in the Game of Justice

北美殖民地政府在建立初期,引入了宗主国的陪审团制度。在实践中,陪审团和法官的司法博弈,是该制度在北美运行的主线和基本特点。17世纪殖民地早期,基于限制法官专权、缓和社会矛盾、促进地区经济繁荣等多种目的,陪审团同法官围绕陪审团决策权在各殖民地呈现出竞争和合作并存的博弈格局,陪审团制度由此在司法领域展现出地方自治的工具性价值。到了18世纪,虽然陪审制受到司法集权和专业化的冲击,在博弈中逐渐式微,但其在革命前夜又通过同亲英法官的博弈,突显了自由和权利保护的目的性价值。最终,陪审制度成为殖民地发动独立革命的精神灯塔和制度堡垒,被嵌入后来美国的宪法精神中。陪审团制度所体现的司法人民性立场,正是这一制度能够历久弥新,对当下我国司法改革有一定启迪意义的因由。

In the early years of the establishment of the government of the North American colonies,the jury system from the master country was introduced.In practice,the fierce judicial game between jury and judge on legal decision power is the main line and basic feature of the system in North America.Early 17th century colonial,for the purpose of competing for judicial power,alleviating social conflicts,and promoting regional economic prosperity,jury and judges showed a diversified game pattern of competition and cooperation in various colonies,and showed the instrumental value of local autonomy in the judicial field.In the 18th century,although the system was impacted by the professionalization of the judiciary,it highlighted the purpose-based value of freedom protection on the eve of the revolution.Finally,the system became the spiritual lighthouse and institutional fortress for the colonial independence revolution,and was embedded in the spirit of the later American constitution.The jury system embodies the judicial people's stand,which is the reason why this system can be renewed and has certain reference significance in the current judicial reform in our country.