轻度认知障碍老年人口腔健康相关生活质量现状及影响因素分析

Current situation and influencing factors of oral health-related quality of life in elderly with mild cognitive impairment

目的 调查轻度认知障碍(MCI)老年人的口腔健康相关生活质量(OHRQoL)现状及影响因素。方法 于2023年3—6月选取湖北省武汉市166例MCI老年人为研究对象,采用专业口腔检查、口腔健康状况和行为评估量表评估MCI老年人的口腔健康状况及行为,采用老年口腔健康评估指数量表(GOHAI)评估MCI老年人的OHRQoL,同时收集老年人的一般资料。采用单因素分析及多元线性回归分析MCI老年人OHRQoL的影响因素。结果 MCI老年人的GOHAI总分为(45.67±7.99)分。龋齿、牙周炎、咀嚼能力、偏侧咀嚼、口腔颌面部疼痛、自我感觉口腔健康状况、刷牙时间和刷牙方式不同的MCI老年人的GOHAI得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归结果显示,咀嚼能力、口腔颌面部疼痛、自我感觉口腔健康状况、刷牙时间和刷牙方式是MCI老年人OHROoL的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 MCI老年人的OHRQoL处于较低水平,应重点关注咀嚼能力不好、存在口腔颌面部疼痛、自我感觉口腔健康状况差、采取不正确的刷牙时间和刷牙方式的MCI老年人,采取有效措施提高MCI老年人的OHRQoL。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of oral health-related quality of life(OHRQoL)in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods From March to June 2023,a total of 166 elderly patients with MCI were enrolled in this study.Professional oral examination,oral health status and behavior assessment scale were used to evaluate the oral health status and behavior of the elderly with MCI.The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index Scale(GOHAI)was used to assess the level of OHRQoL.Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of OHRQoL in the elderly patients with MCI.Results The total GOHAI score of the elderly patients with MCI was 45.67±7.99.The score of GOHAI showed significant differences between the elderly with or without caries,paradentitis,unilateral chewing,oral and maxillofacial pain,and between the elderly with different self-perceived oral health status,brushing time and brushing style(all P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression showed that chewing ability,oral and maxillofacial pain,self-perceived oral health status,brushing time and brushing style were the independent influencing factors for OHROoL in the elderly with MCI(all P<0.05).Conclusions The OHRQoL of the elderly patients with MCI is at a low level.Attention should be paid to the elderly patients with MCI who have poor mastication ability,oral and maxillofacial pain,poor self-perceived oral health status,incorrect burshing time and incorrect brushing methods.