HIV-1整合位点分布机制及检测的研究进展

Progress of research on distribution mechanisms and detection methods of integration sites of HIV-1

艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)引起的慢性传染性疾病,对人类的生命健康构成了严重威胁.整合是HIV-1病毒复制生命周期的关键环节,不同于新冠病毒等非整合型病毒,HIV-1自身基因编码的逆转录酶和整合酶,可帮助病毒整合入宿主细胞基因组,同步复制,确保病毒的遗传信息长期存在于宿主细胞中.然而HIV-1整合位点的选择不是随机的,而是与染色体结构和宿主基因功能等紧密相关.本文综述了有关HIV-1整合位点的检测方法、分布特征及影响其选择的因素等方面的研究进展,旨在为艾滋病的精准防控、治疗,乃至最终治愈提供信息参考.

AIDS,a chronic infectious disease,is typically caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)and poses a severe threat to human health and life.Integration is a key phase in the life cycle of replication of the HIV-1.Unlike non-integrated viruses such as SARS-CoV-2,the reverse transcriptase and integrase encoded by HIV-1's own gene can help the virus integrate into the host cell genome and replicate synchronously,ensuring the long-term presence of the genetic information of the virus in the host cell.Notably,the selection of HIV-1 integration sites is not random but is closely associated with the structure of chromosome and gene function of the host.The progress of research on the detection methods,distribution characteristics and factors affecting the choice of HIV-1 integration sites was reviewed in the article so as to provide information support for precise prevention,control,treatment or even ultimate cure of AIDS.