以“否定性”为支点:儿童哲学的存在论辩护

Taking“Negativity”as the Fulcrum:the Ontology Defense of Children's Philosophy

儿童哲学的存在论问题是儿童何以哲学的逻辑前提。既有论证方式难以建构有效辩护,继而造成了儿童哲学的身份疑案,主要表现为:理论构建和教育应用在立论前提下的定位模糊,一般儿童与个别儿童在研究对象上的层次混淆,权宜之计和普遍兼容在价值旨趣上的两副面孔。通过以否定性为存在论支点,揭示否定性奠定了儿童在“问题分叉”中的生成性,阐明否定性是开启儿童可能性的“众妙之门”,诠释否定性标识了儿童让“事情发生”的及物性,澄清了哲学是儿童个体成人的自发态势和固有动力。否定性的转化是儿童哲学生效的教育立场,这要求我们重视儿童身体价值,超越理性主义的认知方式;避免儿童角色固化,提供多重体验的做事承担;厚植儿童生命力量,寻求自然与人为的相对平衡。

The ontological problem of children's philosophy is the logical premise of children's philosophy.The existing argumentation is difficult to construct an effective defense,which leads to the identity problem of children's philosophy,whose main features are:the vague orientation of theory construction and educational application in the premise of argument;the confusion of the levels between general children and individual children in the object of study;the expediency and the universal compatibility in the two faces of value purport.Through taking negation as the existential fulcrum,this paper reveals that negation lays the foundation for children's generation in the"Problem bifurcation",and expounds that negation is the"Wonderful door"that opens children's possibility,the interpretation of negativity marks the transitivity of children's"Making events happen"and clarifies that philosophy is the spontaneous state and inherent motive force of children's individual adults.The negative transformation is the effective educational standpoint of children's philosophy,which requires us to attach importance to children's physical value,to transcend the cognitive mode of rationalism,to avoid children's role stereotyping,to provide multiple experiences of doing facts,to plant the life force of children and seek the relative balance between nature and man-made world.