二维MXenes材料在肿瘤诊疗中的最新进展及展望

The latest progress and prospects of 2D MXenes materials in the application of tumor diagnosis and treatment

二维MXenes材料是当前材料科学与生物医学领域的研究重点之一,其具有多种独特的材料特性:如出色的光学性能、高比表面积、优异的亲水性、易表面功能化修饰以及良好的电化学特性等。这些特性使得二维MXenes材料在诸多领域中具有广泛的应用潜力,尤其在生物医学领域中备受关注,其中在肿瘤的诊断与治疗领域中的新进展受到研究者的瞩目。近年来,MXenes研究的新进展主要集中在成像技术和治疗手段的更新,MXenes展现出一系列独特的物理化学性质,包括出色的荧光猝灭能力、卓越的X射线衰减性能以及优异的光热转换效率。这些特性使其在无创生物成像领域具有巨大的应用潜力。迄今为止,MXenes已在荧光成像、光声成像、计算机断层扫描以及磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)等多个领域取得了显著的研究成果,通过设计复合型MXenes材料,亦可实现多模态成像,可拓宽单模态诊断技术的限制,为肿瘤成像提供新的思路。MXenes是理想的联合治疗材料,其在肿瘤治疗中主要体现在靶向载药和光学治疗特性,通过靶向载药精准化投递药物实现个体化治疗策略,从而避免全身化疗的不良反应。而如何通过合理的设计与修饰,制备出兼具诊断和治疗特性的MXenes探针是目前肿瘤研究领域中的热点与难点。本文旨在综述二维MXenes材料及其衍生物在肿瘤诊疗领域的最新发展、存在的机遇和挑战。同时,本综述还对材料的合成、表面修饰以及肿瘤成像等相关研究,以及当前环境下利用MXenes所面临的挑战和局限性进行探讨,对其性质、生物效应以及在肿瘤学领域的应用价值进行深入剖析,以期为肿瘤患者带来更加有效和安全的治疗方式。

The current focus of materials science and biomedical science research lies in two-dimensional(2D)MXenes materials,which possess an array of distinctive material attributes.These include superior optical characteristics,a high specific surface area,remarkable hydrophilicity,facile surface functionalization modification and impressive electrochemical properties.These features endow MXenes with vast application potential across multiple domains,particularly in the biomedical realm where advancements in tumor diagnosis and therapy have garnered significant research interest.These advancements primarily center on the enhancement of imaging technology and treatment methodologies.Notably,MXenes exhibit an array of unique physical and chemical properties,including remarkable fluorescence quenching capabilities,superior X-ray attenuation performance and highly efficient photothermal conversion.In the realm of diagnostic technologies,MXenes materials have emerged as a promising candidate for multimodal imaging,encompassing fluorescence imaging,photoacoustic imaging,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).These materials,through their composite design,offer the potential to transcend the limitations of single-mode diagnostic techniques,thereby fostering innovative approaches in tumor imaging.Furthermore,MXenes exhibit exceptional characteristics as combination therapy materials,particularly in targeted drug delivery and optical therapy for tumor treatment.By harnessing the diverse physical and chemical properties of MXenes,personalized treatment strategies can be realized through precise drug delivery,thereby mitigating the toxic side effects associated with systemic chemotherapy.Currently,a pressing challenge in cancer research lies in the rational design and modification of MXenes probes that possess both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements,opportunities and challenges associated with two-dimensional MXenes materials and their derivatives in the context of tumor diagnosis and treatment.Additionally,it delved into the material synthesis,surface modification and tumor imaging research conducted in this field.Furthermore,it examined the obstacles and limitations encountered in the utilization of MXenes in the present context.The research and development of MXenes materials were integral to nanotherapy,and their novel properties,biological effects and oncological application value were thoroughly analyzed,in order to offer more effective and safer therapeutic options for cancer patients.