基于水鸟多样性提升的天福国家湿地公园生态修复成效评估

Assessment of Ecological Restoration Effects in Tianfu National Wetland Park Based on Enhancement of Waterfowl Diversity

水鸟多样性是衡量湿地生态健康的关键指标,也是湿地生态修复的重要内容。文章以苏州天福国家湿地公园生态恢复区为研究对象,通过实地调研和数据分析对场地生态修复设计成效进行分析,探究生境变化对水鸟多样性的影响。结果表明:1)研究区记录到209种鸟类,其中鸻鹬类、鹭类、雁鸭类分别占总种数的39%、26%、22%,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数由2.34增加至3.36,水鸟多样性显著提升。2)整体水域面积增加22.76 hm^(2),水体最短轴大于50 m,最长轴大于150 m,紧凑度大于0.4,提升了湿地环境容纳量,为多种水鸟提供适宜的栖息场地。3)场地地形坡度小于10%,水岸岸线发育系数大于2,近圆率小于0.9,植被类型以乡土草本植物为主,共77种,植被覆盖度为40%~70%,植被高度为30~40 cm,满足水鸟对栖息场地食源、隐蔽条件等的需求。综上,研究区的生境变化与水鸟多样性提高息息相关,生态修复设计对生物多样性保护和提升发挥积极作用。

The diversity of waterfowl is a key indicator of wetland ecological health and an important content of wetland ecological restoration.This paper takes the ecological restoration area of Tianfu National Wetland Park in Suzhou as the research object to analyze the effect of ecological restoration design of sites through field investigation and data analysis,and explores the impact of habitat change on waterfowl diversity.The results are as follows:1)209 species of birds are recorded in the study area,of which shorebirds,herons and wild ducks account for 39%,26%and 22%,respectively.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index increases from 2.34 to 3.15,and the diversity of waterfowl increases significantly;2)The total water area increases by 22.76 ha,and the shortest axis of the water body is more than 50 m,while the longest axis is more than 150 m,with the compactness at more than 0.4,which increases the environmental capacity of wetland and provide suitable habitats for a variety of waterfowls;and 3)The slope gradient of the site is less than 10%,the shoreline development coefficient is more than 2,and the near-circle ratio is less than 0.9.The vegetation is composed of 77 species,dominated by native herbaceous plant.The vegetation coverage ranges from 40%to 70%,and the vegetation height is between 30-40 cm.This means that the site can meet the needs of waterfowls for forage and shading.In conclusion,the habitat change in the study area is closely related to the improvement of waterbird diversity,and the ecological restoration design can play an active role in the protection and promotion of biodiversity.