城市街道设计导则的国际经验与启示

International Experience of Urban Street Design Guidelines and Its Enlightenment

街道设计导则是指导街道空间品质提升和服务优化的重要文本,与时俱进地学习外国街道设计导则对我国城市更新背景下街道更新提质有重要指导意义。本文基于对新西兰、日本、加拿大、肯尼亚、美国、波兰和英国7个国家的街道设计导则的解析,归纳“发展愿景—设计依据—详细指导”三步街道设计导则指导框架;在此基础上从街道类型、使用者特征两个角度分析街道设计导则的设计依据,再从安全、人文、实用、生态4个方面总结街道设计策略要点;最后,结合我国街道使用特征和现状问题,提出以人为本、因势利导、时空统筹、绿色建设4方面街道设计启示,为当代中国街道设计提供参考。

Street design guidelines are the important texts to guide the improvement of street space quality and street service upgrading,and it is of important significance to learn the international experience in street design guidelines in a timely manner for promoting street renewal and quality improvement in the context of urban renewal in China.Based on the analysis of street design guidelines in seven countries/cities including Auckland,Toronto,Kenya,Denver and Poland,this paper concludes a three-step framework for the development of street design guideline,i.e.,“Development Vision-Design Basis-Detailed Guidance”.The design basis of street design guidelines is analyzed from the perspectives of street type and user characteristics,and the key points of street design strategy are summarized from four aspects of safety,humanities,practicality and ecology.At the end,in view of the characteristics and current situation of street use in China,the enlightenment of street design guidelines is proposed from the four aspects of people-orientation,situational guidance,time-space coordination,and green construction,which would provide references for the street design in China.