城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁轮轨噪声实测与分析

Measurement and Analysis of Wheel–Rail Noise in Long-Span Bridges of Urban Rail Transit Systems

为探究城市轨道列车通过大跨度桥梁时的轮轨噪声特性,以重庆轨道交通6号线东水门长江大桥以及环线朝天门长江大桥为研究对象,采集列车通过大桥时的噪声实测数据,分析比较噪声频谱特性与能量特性,并总结规律。结果表明:大跨度桥上轨道列车产生的轮轨噪声呈现宽频特征,声压级频谱曲线呈现“中间高、两边低”的趋势;钢桁系杆结构的拱桥噪声峰值集中于800 Hz处,并且结构噪声在63~80 Hz范围内产生了一个相对峰值,而钢桁架梁斜拉桥的噪声峰值所在的频段更高;三跨连续钢桁系杆拱桥的噪声频谱宽、幅值大,其噪声远大于钢桁架梁斜拉桥,中高频段范围的轮轨噪声尤为显著。

This study investigates the wheel–rail noise characteristics of urban rail trains passing through long-span bridges,focusing on the Dongshuimen Bridge of the Chongqing Rail Transit Line 6 and the Chaotianmen Bridge of the Chongqing Rail Transit Loop Line.Noise measurement data were collected for trains passing over the bridges.This study analyzed and compared the spectral characteristics of noise,summarizing the relevant patterns.The results indicate that the wheel–rail noise generated by rail trains on large-span bridges exhibits a wide-frequency characteristic,with the sound pressure level spectrum curve showing a“high in the middle,low on both sides”pattern.The noise peak of steel truss arch bridges is concentrated at approximately 800 Hz,and the structural noise generates a relative peak in the range of 63–80 Hz.In contrast,the noise peak of the steel truss girder cable-stayed bridges is in a higher frequency range.The three-span continuous steel truss suspension arch bridge exhibits a wide and high-amplitude noise spectrum,with its noise being significantly greater than that of the steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge,particularly in the mid-to high-frequency range of wheel–rail noise.