大气PM_(2.5)暴露对河南省3~79岁居民血铅水平影响

Effects of ambient PM_(2.5) exposure on blood lead levels in residents aged 3 to 79 years in Henan province:a cross-sectional survey in 2017–2019

目的了解大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))暴露对河南省3~79岁居民血铅水平的影响,为大气PM_(2.5)污染防制提供参考依据。方法于2017年12月—2019年1月采用分层随机抽样方法在河南省郑州市金水区、郑州市登封市、开封市龙亭区、洛阳市宜阳县、焦作市中站区、焦作市博爱县、南阳市社旗县和驻马店市确山县8个监测县(区)抽取1152名3~79岁居民进行问卷调查和血铅水平检测,利用家庭住址匹配经纬度并根据中国高分辨率高质量近地表空气污染物数据集(CHAP)获取调查对象居住地PM_(2.5)浓度,将监测县(区)暴露水平划分为高和低2个水平,应用多元线性回归模型分析大气PM_(2.5)暴露对河南省3~79岁居民血铅水平的影响,血铅水平采用自然对数转换后分析超额危险度(ER)。结果河南省最终纳入分析的1114名3~79岁居民登记家庭住址大气PM_(2.5)年均浓度中位数为64.56μg/m^(3),血铅水平中位数为15.32μg/L;多元线性回归分析结果显示,河南省3~79岁大气PM_(2.5)高暴露地区居民血铅水平较低暴露地区居民增高26.05%(ER=26.05%,95%CI=18.66%~33.89%),其中3~5、6~11、12~18、19~39、40~59和60~79岁大气PM_(2.5)高暴露地区居民血铅水平分别较低暴露地区居民增高19.41%(ER=19.41%,95%CI=4.61%~36.31%)、28.01%(ER=28.01%,95%CI=14.01%~43.73%)、14.89%(ER=14.89%,95%CI=1.26%~30.37%)、25.79%(ER=25.79%,95%CI=4.17%~51.90%)、35.00%(ER=35.00%,95%CI=17.26%~55.41%)和33.35%(ER=33.35%,95%CI=16.58%~52.54%)。结论河南省大气PM_(2.5)暴露对3~79岁各年龄组居民的血铅水平升高均有正向影响,对不同年龄组居民的影响存在差异。

Objective To study the effect of exposure to airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5μm(PM_(2.5))on blood lead levels in residents aged 3 to 79 years in Henan province,with the aim of providing valuable insights for the prevention and control of PM_(2.5) air pollution.Methods Using stratified random sampling and a questionnaire designed by the National Institute of Environmental Health of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,we conducted face-to-face interviews and blood lead detection among 1152 urban and rural residents aged 3 to 79 years in 8 districts/counties under the environmental pollution monitoring program in Henan province from December 2017 to January 2019.The PM_(2.5) concentration of the participant′s residence was obtained by matching the latitude and longitude of the home address with the high-resolution,high-quality near-surface air pollutant dataset for China(China High Air Pollutants[CHAP]dataset).The PM_(2.5) exposure level of the surveyed counties/districts was divided into two levels:high and low.Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of air PM_(2.5) exposure on blood lead levels of the participants.Results The median annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) at the registered home addresses of 1114 participants was measured to be 64.56μg/m3,while the median blood lead level was found to be 15.32μg/L.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the participants living in areas with high exposure to atmospheric PM_(2.5) had an increased risk of having a high blood lead level(excessive risk[ER]=26.05%,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:18.66%–33.89%)compared to those living in area with low exposure to atmospheric PM_(2.5);and the increased ER of high blood level fluctuated among the participants of different age groups,with the ERs%(95%CI)of 19.41(4.61–36.31),28.01(14.01–43.73),14.89(1.26–30.37),25.79(4.17–51.90),35.00(17.26–55.41),and 33.35(16.58–52.54)for the participants aged 3–5,6–11,12–18,19–39,40–59,and 60–79 years,respectively.Conclusion Exposure to ambient PM_(2.5) has a positive effect on the blood lead levels in the residents aged 3 to 79 years in Henan province and the effect varies among the residents of different ages.