中国特色现代教育考试招生制度的实践逻辑与未来走向

The Modern Education-Based College Entrance Examination System with Chinese Characteristics:Practice-Oriented Logic and Future Trends

新一轮考试招生制度改革实施十年来,形成了分类考试、综合评价、多元录取的考试招生模式,中国特色现代教育考试招生制度基本建立。考试招生制度改革过程是中央和地方政府治理格局重构、政府和高等学校招生权力博弈、个体理性与群体理性冲突、考试改革与课程改革同构的过程。在国家集权、统一高考、“应试教育”的制度惯性下,各种权力结构此消彼长,既呈现出一定的路径依赖,也在渐进式的变革中寻求新的动态平衡。在教育强国建设目标下,完善中国特色现代教育考试招生制度,应进一步优化教育治理结构,提升地方政府治理能力;扩大高等学校招生自主权,提高人才选拔效率;审慎研判新制度,重新思考个体理性选择;加强统筹规划,提升改革的协同性系统性。

Since the new round of examination and enrollment system reform starting a decade ago,we have established an examination and enrollment model featuring classified examinations,comprehensive evaluation,and multiple admissions,and have basically built a modern education-based college entrance examination system with Chinese characteristics.The process of the system reform witnessed the reconstruction of the governance pattern for the central and local governments,the competition in the power of enrollment between governments and higher education institutions,the conflicts between individual rationality and group rationality,and the co-construction of the examination reform and the curriculum reform.Following the institutional inertia of national centralization,the unified college entrance examination,and"examination-oriented education,"various power structures excluded each other,relied on a certain pathway,and sought a new dynamic balance in gradual changes.To achieve the goal of building a powerful country in education,and improve the modern education-based examination and enrollment system with Chinese characteristics,we need to optimize the structure of educational governance,and improve the governance capacity of local governments;expand the autonomy of college admissions,and improve the efficiency of talent selection;prudently judge new systems,and reconsider individuals'rational choices;and strengthen the overall planning of the government,and improve the coordination and systematization of the reform.