新高考改革与优质高等教育机会获得

The New College Entrance Examination Reform and the Access to High-Quality Higher Education Opportunities

高等教育入学机会的公平性问题一直是学界关注的议题。研究利用课题组2022年《关于高考改革的调查》中的相关数据,基于“环境—努力”的分析框架,探讨了新高考改革后不同阶层优质高等教育机会获得的差异及其作用机制。结果表明,新高考改革并非引发优质高等教育机会获得阶层差异的主要原因,其在一定程度上抑制了阶层差异进一步扩大的趋势。在新高考改革情境下,家庭环境、学校环境和个人努力对优质高等教育机会获得的影响更加复杂。对于不同阶层而言,优质高等教育机会获得的影响机制存在差异。研究发现了“越优势越努力”现象,优势阶层学生虽处于家庭环境的优势地位,但其个人努力仍然高于弱势阶层,这意味着弱势阶层在优质高等教育机会获得中面临着家庭环境、学校环境支持不足和个人努力不够的多重困境。为促进优质高等教育机会获得的公平性,须推动高等教育提质增优,促进高中学校与新高考改革协同发展,改善弱势阶层优质高等教育获得的现实困境。

Equitable access to higher education opportunities has always been a topic heeded by the academic circles.This study,based on the relevant data from A Survey of the College Entrance Examination Reform in 2000 made by this research group,and the analytical framework for"the environment—learning engagement,"explores the disparities in high-quality higher education opportunities for people with different socio-economic backgrounds,and the mechanisms that affect these disparities after the new college entrance examination reform.The results of the study reveal the following:The new college entrance examination reform is not the main cause for different opportunities for high-quality higher education between different people with different socio-economic backgrounds,instead it in fact mitigates the trend for the further expanded disparities between people with different socio-economic backgrounds;in the context of the new college entrance examination reform,the family environment,the school environment and students'learning engagement have more complicated effects on students'access to high-quality higher education opportunities;there are differences between people with different socio-economic backgrounds in the mechanisms that affect their access to highquality higher education opportunities;and there is a phenomenon that"those with more advantages study harder,"that is,students from advantaged groups,even if they have an advantageous family environment,study more diligently than those from disadvantaged groups,which indicates that disadvantaged groups face various dilemmas such as inadequate support from the family environment and the school environment and insufficient learning engagement in their access to high-quality higher education opportunities.To promote equitable opportunities for high-quality higher education,we need to raise the quality of higher education,promote the coordinated development of senior high schools and the new college entrance examination reform,and tackle the actual dilemmas of disadvantaged groups in their access to highquality higher education opportunities.