高水平男性游泳运动员自由泳滚翻转身指标研究

Research on the Index System of Freestyle Swimming Flip Turn of Elite Male Swimmers

目的:通过对8名高水平男性游泳运动员自由泳滚翻转身技术的数据分析,客观评判自由泳滚翻转身效果中权重最高的前五指标,并提供理论优化建议。方法:通过相关文献和专家访谈建立自由泳滚翻转身指标,使用Klistler和Dartfish获得运动员滚翻转身的运动学数据,采用CRITIC法和熵权法得到权重。结果:自由泳滚翻转身指标中权重最高的前五指标分别为蹬壁峰力值(13.53%)、滚翻前速度(9.60%)、触壁时间(9.45%)、转体时间(7.07%)和转身屈髋(6.15%),累计贡献达45.80%。结论:1)游近距离、出水位置、重心距离、游近速度等指标的累积权重达26.40%,因此,这些影响因素值得进一步深入研究;2)加快滚翻前速度、避免滚翻前抬头、保证适当的转身屈髋角度,增加屈髋角速度,稳定触壁时间的同时,提高蹬壁峰力值有助于高水平男性游泳运动员自由泳滚翻转身的运动表现。

Objective:To objective evaluate the top five indicators with the highest weight in freestyle flip turn effectiveness through data analysis of eight elite male swimmers and provide theoretical optimization suggestions.Methods:The indicators of freestyle flip turns were established through relevant literature and expert interview,the kinematic data of the athletes'flip turns were obtained through Klistler and Dartfish,the measured weight was obtained by applying the CRITIC-entropy weight method.Results:The top five indexes with the highest weight of freestyle flip turn were peak stirrup wall force(13.53%),speed before flip turn(9.60%),wall contact time(9.45%),somersault movement time(7.07%)and angle of the hips during the push-off(6.15%)with a cumulative weight of 45.80%.Conclusion:1)The cumulative weight of swim approach distance,outlet water distance,centroid distance and swim approach speed amounted to 26.40%,therefore,these influencing factors deserve further in-depth study;2)accelerating speed before the flip,avoiding head lift before the flip,ensuring proper hip flexion angle for the turn,increasing hip flexion angle speed and stabilizing wall contact time while increasing peak stirrup force contribute to the flip turn performance of elite male swimmers.